Altitude acclimatization describes the processes whereby lowland humans respond to decreased partial pressure of oxygen. It refers to the changes seen as beneficial and involves a series of physiological adjustments that compensate for reduced ambient PO2, as opposed to changes that are pathological. Although numerous reports document the physiological effects of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia of varying durations but an interesting aspect overlooked by many researchers is that of acclimatization related studies. As proteome, a dynamic entity responds immediately to external stimuli, protein markers and their trends can be studied to assess acclimatization status of an individual. Compared to blood, the use of saliva is advantageous because sample collection and processing are easy, minimally invasive, low cost and better tolerated by individuals. In this study, we employed iTRAQ based LC-MS/MS technique for comparing saliva samples from humans exposed to hypobaric hypoxia from 7 to 120 days with normoxic controls followed by analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and validation by immunoassays. Nearly 67 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the exposed groups as compared to normoxia indicating modulated canonical pathways as lipid metabolism; acute phase response signalling and proteins as carbonic anhydrase 6, alpha-enolase, albumin, and prolactin inducible protein. Collectively, this study provides the proof of concept for the non-invasive assessment of high altitude acclimatization.

中文翻译：

---

候选蛋白质唾液：评估高海拔适应性的综合研究。

海拔高度适应性描述了低地人类应对氧气分压降低的过程。它指的是被视为有益的变化，涉及一系列生理调节，这些生理调节可以补偿环境PO2的减少，这与病理性变化相反。尽管有许多报道记录了不同持续时间的低压缺氧的生理影响，但是许多研究人员忽略了一个有趣的方面，即与适应有关的研究。作为蛋白质组，动态实体会立即对外部刺激做出反应，可以研究蛋白质标记及其趋势来评估个体的适应状况。与血液相比，唾液的使用是有利的，因为样品的收集和处理容易，微创，成本低并且个人更容易耐受。在这项研究中，我们采用了基于iTRAQ的LC-MS / MS技术，将7到120天暴露于低压缺氧的人的唾液样本与正常氧对照进行比较，然后使用Ingenuity Pathway Analysis软件进行分析并通过免疫分析进行验证。与常氧相比，在暴露的组中发现将近67种蛋白质差异表达，这表明脂类代谢调节了经典途径。急性期反应信号和蛋白质，如碳酸酐酶6，α-烯醇酶，白蛋白和催乳素可诱导蛋白。总的来说，这项研究为高海拔适应性的非侵入性评估提供了概念验证。我们采用了基于iTRAQ的LC-MS / MS技术，将常压对照的7至120天暴露于低压缺氧的人的唾液样本与正常氧对照进行比较，然后使用Ingenuity Pathway Analysis软件进行分析并通过免疫分析进行验证。与常氧相比，在暴露的组中发现将近67种蛋白质差异表达，这表明脂类代谢调节了经典途径。急性期反应信号和蛋白质，如碳酸酐酶6，α-烯醇酶，白蛋白和催乳素可诱导蛋白。总的来说，这项研究为高海拔适应性的非侵入性评估提供了概念验证。我们采用了基于iTRAQ的LC-MS / MS技术，将常压对照的7至120天暴露于低压缺氧的人的唾液样品与正常氧对照进行比较，然后使用Ingenuity Pathway Analysis软件进行分析并通过免疫分析进行验证。与常氧相比，在暴露的组中发现将近67种蛋白质差异表达，这表明脂类代谢调节了经典途径。急性期反应信号和蛋白质，如碳酸酐酶6，α-烯醇酶，白蛋白和催乳素可诱导蛋白。总的来说，这项研究为高海拔适应性的非侵入性评估提供了概念验证。与常氧相比，在暴露的组中发现将近67种蛋白质差异表达，这表明脂类代谢调节了经典途径。急性期反应信号和蛋白质，如碳酸酐酶6，α-烯醇酶，白蛋白和催乳素可诱导蛋白。总的来说，这项研究为高海拔适应性的非侵入性评估提供了概念验证。与常氧相比，在暴露的组中发现将近67种蛋白质差异表达，这表明脂类代谢调节了经典途径。急性期反应信号和蛋白质，如碳酸酐酶6，α-烯醇酶，白蛋白和催乳素可诱导蛋白。总的来说，这项研究为高海拔适应性的非侵入性评估提供了概念验证。