The Apicomplexa phylum comprises diverse parasitic organisms that have evolved from a free-living ancestor. These obligate intracellular parasites exhibit versatile metabolic capabilities reflecting their capacity to survive and grow in different hosts and varying niches. Determined by nutrient availability, they either use their biosynthesis machineries or largely depend on their host for metabolite acquisition. Because vitamins cannot be synthesized by the mammalian host, the enzymes required for their synthesis in apicomplexan parasites represent a large repertoire of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent advances in metabolic reconstruction and functional studies coupled to metabolomics that unravel the interplay between biosynthesis and salvage of vitamins and cofactors in apicomplexans. A particular emphasis is placed on Toxoplasma gondii, during both its acute and latent stages of infection.

中文翻译：

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顶端复合物中维生素和辅因子的获取：合成与回收。

顶复门由多种寄生生物组成，这些生物是从自由生活的祖先进化而来的。这些专性细胞内寄生虫表现出多种代谢能力，反映了它们在不同宿主和不同生态位中生存和生长的能力。根据营养物质的可用性，它们要么使用生物合成机制，要么很大程度上依赖宿主来获取代谢物。由于哺乳动物宿主不能合成维生素，因此顶复门寄生虫中合成维生素所需的酶代表了大量潜在的治疗靶点。在这里，我们回顾了代谢重建和功能研究与代谢组学相结合的最新进展，这些研究揭示了顶复合物中维生素和辅因子的生物合成和回收之间的相互作用。特别强调弓形虫的急性和潜伏感染阶段。