The FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 Family in Tomato Contributes to Primary Metabolism and Stress Responses.,Plant Physiology

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The FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 Family in Tomato Contributes to Primary Metabolism and Stress Responses.
Plant Physiology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-25 , DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00487
Min Woo Lee ₁ , Carmen S Padilla ₁ , Chirag Gupta ₂ , Aravind Galla ₁ , Andy Pereira ₂ , Jiamei Li ₁ , Fiona L Goggin ₃

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The conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2) in the endoplasmic reticulum is critical to the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seeds and other tissues, and this reaction is catalyzed by a Δ12-desaturase, FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2). Here, we report that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome harbors two genes, SlFAD2-1 and SlFAD2-2, which encode proteins with in vitro Δ12-desaturase activity. In addition, tomato has seven divergent FAD2 members that lack Δ12-desaturase activity and differ from canonical FAD2 enzymes at multiple amino acid positions important to enzyme function. Whereas SlFAD2-1 and SlFAD2-2 are downregulated by biotic stress, the majority of divergent FAD2 genes in tomato are upregulated by one or more stresses. In particular, SlFAD2-7 is induced by the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and has elevated constitutive expression levels in suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 (spr2), a tomato mutant with enhanced aphid resistance and altered fatty acid profiles. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlFAD2-7 in spr2 results in significant increases in aphid population growth, indicating that a divergent FAD2 gene contributes to aphid resistance in this genotype. Thus, the FAD2 gene family in tomato is important both to primary fatty acid metabolism and to responses to biotic stress.

中文翻译：

番茄中的脂肪酸DESATURASE2家族有助于初级代谢和应激反应。

内质网中油酸（C18：1）向亚油酸（C18：2）的转化对于种子和其他组织中多不饱和脂肪酸的积累至关重要，该反应由Δ12去饱和酶FATTY ACID催化DESATURASE2（FAD2）。在这里，我们报告说，番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）基因组包含两个基因，S1FAD2-1和S1FAD2-2，它们编码具有体外Δ12去饱和酶活性的蛋白质。此外，番茄具有七个不同的FAD2成员，这些成员缺乏Δ12-去饱和酶活性，并且在对酶功能重要的多个氨基酸位置不同于典型的FAD2酶。尽管S1FAD2-1和S1FAD2-2受生物胁迫下调，但番茄中大多数不同的FAD2基因却受一种或多种胁迫上调。特别是，S1FAD2-7由马铃薯蚜虫（大戟Macrosiphum euphorbiae）诱导，在prosystemin介导的应答2（spr2）的抑制子中具有高水平的组成型表达水平，这是一种番茄突变体，具有增强的蚜虫抗性和改变的脂肪酸谱。病毒诱导的spr2中SlFAD2-7的基因沉默导致蚜虫种群增长显着增加，表明该基因型中不同的FAD2基因对蚜虫产生抗性。因此，番茄中的FAD2基因家族对于主要的脂肪酸代谢和对生物胁迫的反应均很重要。这表明在该基因型中，不同的FAD2基因有助于蚜虫抗药性。因此，番茄中的FAD2基因家族对于主要的脂肪酸代谢和对生物胁迫的响应均很重要。这表明在该基因型中，不同的FAD2基因有助于蚜虫抗药性。因此，番茄中的FAD2基因家族对于主要的脂肪酸代谢和对生物胁迫的响应均很重要。

更新日期：2020-01-31

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