Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long-term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current research warns against using prospective and retrospective measures of childhood trauma interchangeably; against interpreting cross-sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without a history of childhood trauma as evidence of longitudinal changes from pre-trauma conditions; and against directly applying explanatory models of resilience or vulnerability to psychopathology in traumatised children to forecast individual risk in unseen cases. The warnings equally apply to research on broader measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Further research examining these assumptions can generate new insights on how to prevent childhood trauma and its detrimental effects.

中文翻译：

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年度研究回顾：重新思考童年创伤——测量、研究设计和分析策略的新研究方向。

童年创伤是精神病理学的一个关键的可改变风险因素。尽管科学取得了重大进展，但与未受创伤的儿童相比，受创伤的儿童的长期结果仍然较差。因此，需要新的研究范式。为此，审查审查了关于测量、设计和分析策略的三个主要假设。当前的研究警告不要互换使用前瞻性和回顾性的儿童创伤测量方法；反对将有或没有童年创伤史的成年人之间假定的中介机制的横截面差异解释为创伤前状况纵向变化的证据；并且反对直接应用心理病理学的心理韧性或脆弱性的解释模型来预测未见案例中的个人风险。这些警告同样适用于更广泛的不良童年经历 (ACE) 措施的研究。进一步研究这些假设可以产生关于如何预防童年创伤及其不利影响的新见解。