Bladder cancer (BC) is a common cancer worldwide whose incidence has increased in recent years. In Europe, the age-standardized incidence rate of BC is 9.0 for men and 2.2 for women.¹ BC can be divided into non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive tumors (MIBC). Approximately 90% of all MIBC are urothelial carcinomas (UC). At diagnosis, 75% of UC are NMIBC, while 25% of cases are MIBC or metastatic disease.² In an estimated 5–8% of cases, UC originates in the renal pelvis or ureter (upper tract urothelial carcinoma, UTUC).³ Patients with advanced UC are not treatable with curative intent. The first-line standard of care is cisplatin-containing chemotherapy such as gemcitabine-cisplatin or M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin), both of which are characterized by similar efficacy but with a better safety profile for the former.^4,5 However, about 30% of patients are not candidates for cisplatin due to renal dysfunction, poor performance status (PS), or other comorbidities.⁶ Alternative chemotherapeutic regimens, such as carboplatin-based therapies, correlate with inferior outcomes.^7,8 Traditionally, the median overall survival (OS) ranged between 14 and 16 months in patients with advanced UC treated with platinum-based regimens, and long-term survival was rare.^2,4

中文翻译：

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晚期膀胱癌的靶向治疗：FGFR 抑制剂的新策略


膀胱癌（BC）是世界范围内的常见癌症，近年来发病率有所上升。在欧洲，BC 的年龄标准化发病率为男性 9.0，女性 2.2。 ¹ BC可分为非肌层浸润性肿瘤（NMIBC）和肌层浸润性肿瘤（MIBC）。大约 90% 的 MIBC 是尿路上皮癌 (UC)。诊断时，75% 的 UC 为 NMIBC，而 25% 的病例为 MIBC 或转移性疾病。 ²估计 5-8% 的病例中，UC 起源于肾盂或输尿管（上尿路尿路上皮癌，UTUC）。 ³晚期 UC 患者无法进行根治性治疗。一线标准治疗是含顺铂的化疗，例如吉西他滨-顺铂或 M-VAC（甲氨蝶呤、长春花碱、阿霉素和顺铂），两者的疗效相似，但前者的安全性更好。 ^4,5然而，约 30% 的患者由于肾功能障碍、体能状态 (PS) 或其他合并症而不适合顺铂。 ⁶替代化疗方案（例如基于卡铂的疗法）与较差的结果相关。 ^7,8传统上，接受含铂方案治疗的晚期 UC 患者的中位总生存期 (OS) 为 14 至 16 个月，且长期生存很少见。 ^2,4