Bacterial chromosomes are folded to compact DNA and facilitate cellular processes. Studying model bacteria has revealed aspects of chromosome folding that are applicable to many species. Primarily controlled by nucleoid-associated proteins, chromosome folding is hierarchical, from large-scale macrodomains to smaller-scale structures that influence DNA transactions, including replication and transcription. Here we review the environmentally regulated, architectural and regulatory roles of nucleoid-associated proteins and the implications for bacterial cell biology. We also highlight similarities and differences in the chromosome folding mechanisms of bacteria and eukaryotes.

中文翻译：

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细菌中的染色体组织：对基因组结构和功能的机械洞察力。

细菌染色体被折叠以压缩DNA并促进细胞过程。对模型细菌的研究揭示了适用于许多物种的染色体折叠方面。染色体折叠主要受核苷相关蛋白控制，是分级的，从大规模的宏域到影响DNA交易（包括复制和转录）的较小规模的结构。在这里，我们审查与核苷相关的蛋白质的环境调节，结构和调节作用，以及对细菌细胞生物学的影响。我们还强调了细菌和真核生物的染色体折叠机制的异同。