Affective learning and memory are essential for daily behavior, with both adaptive and maladaptive learning depending on stimulus-evoked activity in the amygdala circuitry. Behavioral studies further suggest that post-association offline processing contributes to memory formation. Here we investigated spike sequences across simultaneously recorded neurons while monkeys learned to discriminate between aversive and pleasant tone-odor associations. We show that triplets of neurons exhibit consistent temporal sequences of spiking activity that differed from firing patterns of individual neurons and pairwise correlations. These sequences occurred throughout the long post-trial period, contained valence-related information, declined as learning progressed and were selectively present in activity evoked by the recent pairing of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. Our findings reveal that temporal sequences across neurons in the primate amygdala serve as a coding mechanism and might aid memory formation through the rehearsal of the recently experienced association.

中文翻译：

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杏仁核神经元中具有时间序列的情感记忆排练。

情感学习和记忆对于日常行为至关重要，适应性和适应不良的学习都取决于杏仁核回路中的刺激诱发活动。行为研究进一步表明，关联后离线处理有助于记忆形成。在这里，我们研究了同时记录的神经元的尖峰序列，而猴子学会了区分厌恶和愉快的音-气味关联。我们表明，三组神经元表现出一致的脉冲活动时间序列，这与单个神经元的放电模式和成对相关性不同。这些序列发生在整个漫长的试验后时期，包含与价相关的信息，随着学习的进展而下降，并且选择性地出现在最近将条件刺激与非条件刺激配对所引发的活动中。我们的研究结果表明，灵长类动物杏仁核中神经元的时间序列可作为一种编码机制，并可能通过对最近经历的关联的排练来帮助记忆形成。