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Teaching the basics of the mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: Have we been barking up the wrong tree?
Redox Biology ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101394
Balaraman Kalyanaraman 1
Affiliation  

Doxorubicin (DOX), or Adriamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic discovered serendipitously as a chemotherapeutic drug several decades ago, is still one of the most effective drugs for treating various adult and pediatric cancers (breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoblastic leukemia). However, one of the major side effects of the continuous use of DOX is dose-dependent, long-term, and potentially lethal cardiovascular toxicity (congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy) in cancer survivors many years after cessation of chemotherapy. In addition, predisposition to cardiotoxicity varied considerably among individuals. The long-held notion that DOX cardiotoxicity is caused by reactive oxygen species formed from the redox-cycling of DOX semiquinone lacks rigorous proof in a chronic animal model, and administration of reactive oxygen species detoxifying agents failed to reverse DOX-induced cardiac problems. In this review, I discuss the pros and cons of the reactive oxygen species pathway as a primary or secondary mechanism of DOX cardiotoxicity, the role of topoisomerases, and the potential use of mitochondrial-biogenesis-enhancing compounds in reversing DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. New approaches for well-designed clinical trials that repurpose FDA-approved drugs and naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds prophylactically to prevent or mitigate cardiovascular complications in both pediatric and adult cancer survivors are needed. Essentially, the focus should be on enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to prevent or mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.



中文翻译:

讲解阿霉素诱导的心脏毒性机制的基础知识:我们是否在树错树皮?

几十年前偶然发现作为治疗药物的蒽环类抗生素阿霉素(DOX)仍然是治疗各种成人和儿童癌症(乳腺癌,霍奇金病,淋巴细胞性白血病)的最有效药物之一。但是,连续使用DOX的主要副作用之一是在化疗结束多年后,癌症幸存者的剂量依赖性,长期和潜在致命的心血管毒性(充血性心力衰竭和心肌病)。另外,个体之间对心脏毒性的易感性也相差很大。长期存在的关于DOX心脏毒性是由DOX半醌的氧化还原循环形成的活性氧引起的观点在长期动物模型中缺乏严格的证据,和使用活性氧解毒剂不能逆转DOX引起的心脏问题。在这篇综述中,我讨论了活性氧作为DOX心脏毒性的主要或次要机制,拓扑异构酶的作用以及线粒体生物发生增强化合物在逆转DOX诱发的心肌病中的潜在用途的优缺点。精心设计的临床试验需要新的方法,以预防性地改用FDA批准的药物和天然存在的多酚化合物,以预防或减轻儿科和成年癌症幸存者的心血管并发症。本质上,重点应放在增强线粒体生物发生上,以预防或减轻DOX诱导的心脏毒性。我讨论了作为DOX心脏毒性的主要或次要机制的活性氧途径的优缺点,拓扑异构酶的作用以及增强线粒体生物发生的化合物在逆转DOX诱发的心肌病中的潜在用途。精心设计的临床试验需要新的方法,以预防性地改变FDA批准的药物和天然存在的多酚化合物的用途,以预防或减轻小儿和成年癌症幸存者的心血管并发症。本质上,重点应放在增强线粒体生物发生上,以预防或减轻DOX诱导的心脏毒性。我讨论了作为DOX心脏毒性的主要或次要机制的活性氧途径的优缺点,拓扑异构酶的作用以及增强线粒体生物发生的化合物在逆转DOX诱发的心肌病中的潜在用途。精心设计的临床试验需要新的方法,以预防性地改变FDA批准的药物和天然存在的多酚化合物的用途,以预防或减轻小儿和成年癌症幸存者的心血管并发症。本质上,重点应放在增强线粒体生物发生上,以预防或减轻DOX诱导的心脏毒性。线粒体生物发生增强化合物在逆转DOX诱发的心肌病中的潜在用途。精心设计的临床试验需要新的方法,以预防性地改变FDA批准的药物和天然存在的多酚化合物的用途,以预防或减轻小儿和成年癌症幸存者的心血管并发症。本质上,重点应放在增强线粒体生物发生上,以预防或减轻DOX诱导的心脏毒性。线粒体生物发生增强化合物在逆转DOX诱发的心肌病中的潜在用途。精心设计的临床试验需要新的方法,以预防性地改变FDA批准的药物和天然存在的多酚化合物的用途,以预防或减轻小儿和成年癌症幸存者的心血管并发症。本质上,重点应放在增强线粒体生物发生上,以预防或减轻DOX诱导的心脏毒性。

更新日期:2019-11-26
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