This paper aims at presenting an extensive review of waste heat recovery (WHR) from the marine engine with highly efficient bottoming power cycles which include the steam Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle, Kalina cycle and CO₂-based power cycles. After detailed introductions and comparisons of the bottoming power cycles, the design and selection of system components are reviewed. An in-depth survey of the WHR systems operating under off-design conditions is then conducted, followed by a summary of technoeconomic evaluation. Finally, challenges and opportunities of integrating the WHR systems with other emission reduction technologies are discussed.

According to the literature, trade-offs between working fluid characteristics, cycle configuration, size, cost and WHR potential should be made in designing an optimal bottoming power cycle, and fuel savings ranging from 4% to 15% can be expected. The payback time of installing a bottoming WHR system lies typically in the range from 3 to 8 years, depending on the fuel price, ship type, heat and power demands and component costs. The high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation technology is superior to other NO_x reduction technologies due to its high potential of recovering waste heat from the high-temperature recirculated gas. Ship's operational profiles, engine tuning and slow steaming as well as other emission reduction technologies are recommended to be fully considered for future research on WHR systems.

本文旨在通过高效的最低功率循环（包括蒸汽朗肯循环，有机朗肯循环，卡利纳循环和基于CO ₂的功率循环）对船用发动机的余热回收（WHR）进行全面回顾。在详细介绍并比较了底部功率循环后，对系统组件的设计和选择进行了审查。然后，对在非设计条件下运行的WHR系统进行了深入调查，然后总结了技术经济评估。最后，讨论了将WHR系统与其他减排技术集成的挑战和机遇。

根据文献，在设计最佳的底部动力循环时，应在工作流体特性，循环配置，尺寸，成本和WHR潜力之间进行权衡，并且可以预期可节省4％至15％的燃料。安装底部WHR系统的投资回收期通常为3至8年，具体取决于燃料价格，船型，热量和动力需求以及部件成本。高压废气再循环技术是优于其它NO _X还原的技术，由于其高从高温再循环气体回收废热的潜力。建议在未来的WHR系统研究中充分考虑船舶的运行状况，发动机调整和慢速航行以及其他减排技术。