Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (ITPRs) are a family of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels essential for the control of intracellular Ca2+ levels in virtually every mammalian cell type. The three isoforms (ITPR1, ITPR2 and ITPR3) are highly homologous in amino acid sequence, but they differ considerably in terms of biophysical properties, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Such differences underscore the variety of cellular responses triggered by each isoform and suggest that the expression/activity of specific isoforms might be linked to particular pathophysiological states. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that changes in expression of ITPR isoforms are associated with a number of human diseases ranging from fatty liver disease to cancer. ITPR3 is emerging as the isoform that is particularly important in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here we review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ITPR3 in various tissues and the mechanisms by which the expression of this isoform is modulated in health and disease.

中文翻译：

---

3型肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸受体：所有季节的钙通道。

肌醇1,4,5三磷酸受体（ITPR）是内质网Ca2 +通道的家族，对于控制几乎所有哺乳动物细胞类型的细胞内Ca2 +水平而言都是必不可少的。三种同工型（ITPR1，ITPR2和ITPR3）的氨基酸序列高度同源，但在生物物理特性，亚细胞定位和组织分布方面却存在很大差异。这种差异强调了每种同工型触发的细胞反应的多样性，并暗示特定同工型的表达/活性可能与特定的病理生理状态有关。实际上，最近的发现表明，ITPR亚型表达的变化与多种人类疾病有关，从脂肪肝疾病到癌症。ITPR3作为异构体出现，在各种人类疾病的发病机理中特别重要。在这里，我们回顾了ITPR3在各种组织中的生理和病理生理作用，以及在健康和疾病中调节这种亚型表达的机制。