Bacteria can attach to essentially all materials and form multicellular biofilms with high-level tolerance to antimicrobials. Detrimental biofilms are responsible for a variety of problems ranging from food and water contamination, bio-corrosion, to drug resistant infections. Besides the challenges in control, biofilms are also difficult to detect due to the lack of biofilm-specific biomarkers and methods for non-destructive imaging. In this article, we present a concise review of recent advancements in this field, with a focus on medical device-associated infections. We also discuss the technologies that have potential for non-destructive detection of bacterial biofilms.

中文翻译：

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感知无法到达：生物膜检测中的挑战和机遇。

细菌可以附着在几乎所有材料上，并形成对抗菌剂具有高度耐受性的多细胞生物膜。有害的生物膜导致了各种各样的问题，从食物和水的污染，生物腐蚀到耐药性感染。除了控制方面的挑战外，由于缺乏生物膜特异性生物标记物和用于非破坏性成像的方法，生物膜也难以检测。在本文中，我们将简要介绍该领域的最新进展，重点是与医疗设备相关的感染。我们还将讨论对细菌生物膜进行非破坏性检测的技术。