Abstract Nanomedicine has been extensively explored to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy with modest therapeutic efficacy in the clinic, owing to various factors. A primary factor is inefficient tumor penetration caused by specific tumor microenvironments, such as insufficient blood supply, high-density tumor cells and extracellular matrix, and increased interstitial fluid pressure. To date, several strategies, including the modulation of tumor microenvironments and optimization of nanoparticle properties, have been reported to improve the tumor penetration of nanomedicines, but these traditional strategies still have limitations. Recently, with unique strategies like tumor-penetrating peptide-mediated transcellular transport, the multifunctional transformable nanoparticles have emerged as an advanced generation of nanomedicine with superior tumor penetration capabilities. In this review, the latest development and limitations of nanomedicines are summarized, and prospects for improving tumor penetration are discussed.

中文翻译：

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具有增强肿瘤渗透性的工程纳米药物

摘要 由于多种因素，纳米医学已被广泛探索以提高化疗的疗效，但在临床上具有适度的治疗效果。一个主要因素是由特定的肿瘤微环境引起的肿瘤渗透效率低下，例如血液供应不足、高密度的肿瘤细胞和细胞外基质以及增加的间质液压力。迄今为止，已经报道了几种策略，包括调节肿瘤微环境和优化纳米颗粒特性，以提高纳米药物的肿瘤渗透率，但这些传统策略仍然存在局限性。最近，通过肿瘤穿透肽介导的跨细胞转运等独特策略，多功能可转化纳米粒子已成为具有卓越肿瘤穿透能力的新一代纳米药物。在这篇综述中，总结了纳米药物的最新发展和局限性，并讨论了提高肿瘤渗透率的前景。