Prevailing models of sex-chromosome evolution were largely inspired by the stable and highly differentiated XY pairs of model organisms, such as those of mammals and flies. Recent work has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex-determining systems, bringing some of the assumptions of these traditional models into question. One particular question that has arisen is what drives some sex chromosomes to be maintained over millions of years and differentiate fully, while others are replaced by new sex-determining chromosomes before differentiation has occurred. Here, I review recent data on the variability of sex-determining genes and sex chromosomes in different non-model vertebrates and invertebrates, and discuss some theoretical models that have been put forward to account for this diversity.

中文翻译：

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动物性染色体更新的分子和进化动力学。

普遍存在的性染色体进化模型的灵感主要来自模型生物（例如哺乳动物和果蝇）的稳定且高度分化的XY对。最近的工作发现了令人难以置信的性别决定系统多样性，这使人们对这些传统模型的某些假设提出了质疑。出现的一个特殊问题是什么驱动某些性染色体在数百万年内得以维持并充分分化，而另一些则在发生分化之前被新的性别决定性染色体所取代。在这里，我回顾了有关不同非模式脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中性别决定基因和性别染色体变异性的最新数据，并讨论了一些为解释这种多样性而提出的理论模型。