Citrus is a group of popular fruit that includes oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit but research of its peel on hyperlipidemia and its mechanism is rare reported. We examined the effect of pure total flavonoids from peel of Citrus (PTFC), an extract from the peel of Citrus Changshan-huyou which is a popular fruit in China, on hamsters with hyperlipoidemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD). We found that PTFC significantly reduced levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and improved levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which associated with liver function in golden hamsters. Liver pathological results confirmed that the liver pathological section of golden hamster treated with PTFC was significantly improved compared with that of HFD group. The content of main cholesterol metabolic enzymes Cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in liver was obviously recovered with PTFC treatment. Further studies shown that PTFC attenuated oxidative stress and free radical damage through superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) tests and inflammatory injury by levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) both in serum and hepatocyte of golden hamsters. Moreover, PTFC increased levels of RNA and protein expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and PPAR-γ in liver, fat and skeletal muscle of hyperlipidemia golden hamster, significantly. Our results suggested that PTFC could play a hypolipidemic role through improvement of liver function by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in hyperlipoidemia hamsters, its mechanism of action may through activating of PPARα and PPARγ.

中文翻译：

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柑桔皮中总黄酮对高脂血症仓鼠的降血脂作用及其潜在机制。

柑橘是一组受欢迎的水果，包括橙子，柠檬，酸橙和葡萄柚，但鲜有关于其果皮对高脂血症及其作用机理的研究。我们研究了柑橘皮（PTFC）中的纯总黄酮对高脂饮食（HFD）诱发的高脂血症仓鼠的影响。我们发现PTFC显着降低了血清胆固醇（TC），甘油三酸酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）的水平，并提高了丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT），天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的水平与金黄仓鼠的肝功能有关。肝病理结果证实，与HFD组相比，PTFC处理的金仓鼠肝脏病理切片明显改善。PTFC处理可明显恢复肝脏主要胆固醇代谢酶胆固醇7a-羟化酶（CYP7A1）的含量。进一步的研究表明，PTFC通过超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二酰二醛（MDA）测试减轻了氧化应激和自由基损伤，而肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白介素6（IL-6）的水平均对炎症造成了损害在金黄仓鼠的血清和肝细胞中。此外，PTFC显着提高了高脂血症金仓鼠肝脏，脂肪和骨骼肌中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α（PPAR-α）和PPAR-γ的RNA和蛋白表达水平。