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The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in demyelinating diseases.
Cell Calcium ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102130
Francesca Boscia 1 , Valeria de Rosa 1 , Mariarosaria Cammarota 1 , Agnese Secondo 1 , Anna Pannaccione 1 , Lucio Annunziato 2
Affiliation  

Intracellular [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i imbalance significantly contribute to neuro-axonal dysfunctions and maladaptive myelin repair or remyelination failure in chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Progress in recent years has led to significant advances in understanding how [Ca2+]i signaling network drive degeneration or remyelination of demyelinated axons. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs), a transmembrane protein family including three members encoded by ncx1, ncx2, and ncx3 genes, are emerging important regulators of [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i both in neurons and glial cells. Here we review recent advance highlighting the role of NCX exchangers in axons and myelin-forming cells, i.e. oligodendrocytes, which represent the major targets of the aberrant inflammatory attack in multiple sclerosis. The contribution of NCX subtypes to axonal pathology and myelin synthesis will be discussed. Although a definitive understanding of mechanisms regulating axonal pathology and remyelination failure in chronic demyelinating diseases is still lacking and requires further investigation, current knowledge suggest that NCX activity plays a crucial role in these processes. Defining the relative contributions of each NCX transporter in axon pathology and myelinating glia will constitute not only a major advance in understanding in detail the intricate mechanism of neurodegeneration and remyelination failure in demyelinating diseases but also will help to identify neuroprotective or remyelinating strategies targeting selective NCX exchangers as a means of treating MS.

中文翻译:

Na + / Ca2 +交换剂在脱髓鞘疾病中的作用。

在慢性炎症性脱髓鞘疾病(如多发性硬化症)中,细胞内[Na +] i和[Ca2 +] i失衡明显导致神经轴突功能障碍和适应不良的髓磷脂修复或髓鞘再生失败。近年来的进展已导致在理解[Ca2 +] i信号网络如何驱动脱髓鞘轴突变性或髓鞘再生方面的重大进展。Na + / Ca2 +交换子(NCXs)是一个跨膜蛋白家族,包括ncx1,ncx2和ncx3基因编码的三个成员,是神经元和神经胶质细胞中[Na +] i和[Ca2 +] i的重要调节剂。在这里,我们回顾了最近的进展,突出了NCX交换子在轴突和髓鞘形成细胞(即少突胶质细胞)中的作用,它们代表了多发性硬化中异常炎症攻击的主要目标。将讨论NCX亚型对轴突病理学和髓鞘合成的贡献。尽管仍然缺乏对调节慢性脱髓鞘疾病中轴突病理学和髓鞘再生失败的机制的明确了解,需要进一步研究,但目前的知识表明,NCX活性在这些过程中起着至关重要的作用。定义每种NCX转运蛋白在轴突病理和髓鞘神经胶质中的相对贡献不仅将构成详细了解脱髓鞘疾病中神经退行性疾病和髓鞘再生失败的复杂机制的重大进展,而且还将有助于确定针对选择性NCX交换子的神经保护或髓鞘再生策略作为治疗MS的一种手段。尽管仍然缺乏对调节慢性脱髓鞘疾病中轴突病理学和髓鞘再生失败的机制的明确了解,需要进一步研究,但目前的知识表明,NCX活性在这些过程中起着至关重要的作用。定义每种NCX转运蛋白在轴突病理和髓鞘神经胶质中的相对贡献,不仅是详细了解脱髓鞘疾病中神经变性和髓鞘再生失败的复杂机制的重大进展,而且还将有助于确定针对选择性NCX交换子的神经保护或髓鞘再生策略。作为治疗MS的一种手段。尽管仍然缺乏对调节慢性脱髓鞘疾病中轴突病理学和髓鞘再生失败的机制的明确了解,需要进一步研究,但目前的知识表明,NCX活性在这些过程中起着至关重要的作用。定义每种NCX转运蛋白在轴突病理和髓鞘神经胶质中的相对贡献不仅将构成详细了解脱髓鞘疾病中神经退行性疾病和髓鞘再生失败的复杂机制的重大进展,而且还将有助于确定针对选择性NCX交换子的神经保护或髓鞘再生策略作为治疗MS的一种手段。当前的知识表明,NCX活动在这些过程中起着至关重要的作用。定义每种NCX转运蛋白在轴突病理和髓鞘神经胶质中的相对贡献,不仅是详细了解脱髓鞘疾病中神经变性和髓鞘再生失败的复杂机制的重大进展,而且还将有助于确定针对选择性NCX交换子的神经保护或髓鞘再生策略。作为治疗MS的一种手段。当前的知识表明,NCX活动在这些过程中起着至关重要的作用。定义每种NCX转运蛋白在轴突病理和髓鞘神经胶质中的相对贡献,不仅是详细了解脱髓鞘疾病中神经变性和髓鞘再生失败的复杂机制的重大进展,而且还将有助于确定针对选择性NCX交换子的神经保护或髓鞘再生策略。作为治疗MS的一种手段。
更新日期:2019-11-22
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