Abstract Recent advancements in the preparation of all-carbon multi-scale fibers and their use in carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polymer composites are reviewed. A multi-scale or hierarchical structure is the result of a combination of micro-scaled fibers and nano-scaled fillers which are in intimate contact by physical or chemical interactions. Carbonaceous nanofillers, such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, graphene and its oxidized derivatives, can be deposited on CFs by different strategies. In particular, preformed nanoparticles (indirect methods) or in situ prepared nanoparticles (direct methods) can be used. Multi-scale structuring of the interlaminar region via various deposition techniques is also discussed. An overview of multi-scale fibers and multi-scale structured interlaminar layers to improve the load transfer between the matrix (namely thermoset-, thermoplastic- and carbon-based) and the reinforcing (CFs) phase is considered for this review. Moreover, their use to add new functionalities (electric conductivities, sensing, thermal conductivities) to structural composites is also reviewed. Finally, the recent efforts in modeling the mechanical behavior of the interphase and interlaminar regions of all-carbon composites with multi-scale fibers are discussed, along with some notes on future challenges.

中文翻译：

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全碳多尺度和分级纤维及相关结构复合材料：综述

摘要 综述了全碳多尺度纤维的制备及其在碳纤维 (CF) 增强聚合物复合材料中的应用的最新进展。多尺度或分级结构是通过物理或化学相互作用紧密接触的微米级纤维和纳米级填料组合的结果。碳质纳米填料，如炭黑、碳纳米管和纳米纤维、石墨烯及其氧化衍生物，可以通过不同的策略沉积在碳纤维上。特别是，可以使用预先形成的纳米粒子（间接方法）或原位制备的纳米粒子（直接方法）。还讨论了通过各种沉积技术对层间区域进行多尺度结构化。本综述考虑了多尺度纤维和多尺度结构层间层的概述，以改善基质（即热固性、热塑性和碳基）和增强 (CFs) 相之间的载荷传递。此外，还审查了它们在向结构复合材料中添加新功能（电导率、传感、热导率）的用途。最后，讨论了最近在模拟具有多尺度纤维的全碳复合材料的界面和层间区域的机械行为方面的努力，以及对未来挑战的一些说明。热导率）对结构复合材料也进行了审查。最后，讨论了最近在模拟具有多尺度纤维的全碳复合材料的界面和层间区域的机械行为方面的努力，以及对未来挑战的一些说明。热导率）对结构复合材料也进行了审查。最后，讨论了最近在模拟具有多尺度纤维的全碳复合材料的界面和层间区域的机械行为方面的努力，以及对未来挑战的一些说明。