Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms which relentlessly and progressively lead to substantial disability and economic burden. Pathologically, these symptoms follow the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) associated with abnormal α-synuclein (α-Syn) deposition as cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies in pigmented brainstem nuclei, and in dystrophic neurons in striatal and cortical regions (Lewy neurites). Pharmacotherapy for PD focuses on improving quality of life and primarily targets dopaminergic pathways. Dopamine acts through two families of receptors, dopamine D1-like and dopamine D2-like; dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) belong to dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) family. Although D3R’s precise role in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD has not been determined, we present evidence suggesting an important role for D3R in the early development and occurrence of PD. Agonist activation of D3R increases dopamine concentration, decreases α-Syn accumulation, enhances secretion of brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), ameliorates neuroinflammation, alleviates oxidative stress, promotes neurogenesis in the nigrostriatal pathway, interacts with D1R to reduce PD associated motor symptoms and ameliorates side effects of levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment. Furthermore, D3R mutations can predict PD age of onset and prognosis of PD treatment. The role of D3R in PD merits further research. This review elucidates the potential role of D3R in PD pathogenesis and therapy.

帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是运动和非运动症状，这些症状会不断地、逐渐地导致严重的残疾和经济负担。从病理学上讲，这些症状是随着黑质致密部 (SNpc) 中多巴胺能神经元的丧失而发生的，与异常 α-突触核蛋白 (α-Syn) 沉积有关，在脑干色素核中以及纹状体和皮质中的营养不良神经元中，称为路易体的细胞质内含物区域（路易神经突）。 PD 的药物治疗侧重于改善生活质量，主要针对多巴胺能通路。多巴胺通过两个受体家族发挥作用：类多巴胺 D1 和类多巴胺 D2；多巴胺 D3 受体 (D3R) 属于多巴胺 D2 受体 (D2R) 家族。尽管 D3R 在 PD 的病理生理学和治疗中的确切作用尚未确定，但我们提出的证据表明 D3R 在 PD 的早期发展和发生中发挥着重要作用。 D3R 的激动剂激活可增加多巴胺浓度，减少 α-Syn 积累，增强脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 的分泌，改善神经炎症，减轻氧化应激，促进黑质纹状体通路中的神经发生，与 D1R 相互作用以减少 PD 相关运动症状并改善左旋多巴（L-DOPA）治疗的副作用。此外，D3R突变可以预测PD的发病年龄和PD治疗的预后。 D3R 在 PD 中的作用值得进一步研究。本综述阐明了 D3R 在 PD 发病机制和治疗中的潜在作用。