Thyroid hormone transporters at the plasma membrane govern intracellular bioavailability of thyroid hormone. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1C1, and SLC17A4 are currently known as transporters displaying the highest specificity toward thyroid hormones. Structure-function studies using homology modeling and mutational screens have led to better understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid hormone transport. Mutations in MCT8 and in OATP1C1 have been associated with clinical disorders. Different animal models have provided insight into the functional role of thyroid hormone transporters, in particular MCT8. Different treatment strategies for MCT8 deficiency have been explored, of which thyroid hormone analogue therapy is currently applied in patients. Future studies may reveal the identity of as-yet-undiscovered thyroid hormone transporters. Complementary studies employing animal and human models will provide further insight into the role of transporters in health and disease. (Endocrine Reviews 41: 1 - 55, 2020).

中文翻译：

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甲状腺激素转运蛋白。

质膜上的甲状腺激素转运蛋白控制着甲状腺激素的细胞内生物利用度。目前已知单羧酸盐转运蛋白（MCT）8和MCT10，有机阴离子转运多肽（OATP）1C1和SLC17A4对甲状腺激素表现出最高的特异性。使用同源性建模和突变筛选的结构功能研究已使人们对甲状腺激素转运的分子基础有了更好的了解。MCT8和OATP1C1中的突变与临床疾病有关。不同的动物模型提供了对甲状腺激素转运蛋白，特别是MCT8的功能性作用的见解。已经探索了针对MCT8缺乏症的不同治疗策略，其中甲状腺激素类似物治疗目前正在患者中应用。未来的研究可能会揭示尚未发现的甲状腺激素转运蛋白的身份。采用动物和人类模型的补充研究将提供有关转运蛋白在健康和疾病中的作用的进一步见解。（内分泌评论41：1-55，2020）。