Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) belong to a distinct population of brain-resident myeloid cells located within the perivascular space surrounding arterioles and venules. Their characterization depends on the combination of anatomical localization, phagocytic capacity, and molecular markers. Under physiological status, they provide structural and functional support for maintaining brain homeostasis, including facilitation of blood-brain barrier integrity and lymphatic drainage, and exertion of immune functions such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Increasing evidence also implicates their specific roles in diseased brain, ranging from cerebrovascular diseases, Aβ pathologies, infections, and autoimmunity. Collectively, PVMs are key components of the brain-resident immune system, actively participate in a broad-spectrum of processes in normal and diseased status. Details of the processes are largely underexplored. Targeting PVMs would lead to new insights and be a promising strategy for a broad array of human diseases.

中文翻译：

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脑血管周围巨噬细胞：在健康和疾病中的最新进展和意义。

脑血管周围巨噬细胞（PVM）属于位于小动脉和小静脉周围血管周围空间内的大脑驻留髓样细胞的独特群体。它们的表征取决于解剖学定位，吞噬能力和分子标记物的组合。在生理状态下，它们为维持脑稳态提供结构和功能支持，包括促进血脑屏障完整性和淋巴引流，以及发挥免疫功能，例如吞噬作用和抗原呈递。越来越多的证据还暗示它们在患病的大脑中的特定作用，包括脑血管疾病，Aβ病理学，感染和自身免疫。总的来说，PVM是驻留于大脑的免疫系统的关键组成部分，积极参与正常和患病状态的广泛过程。有关过程的详细信息在很大程度上尚未得到开发。靶向PVM将带来新的见解，并且将成为针对多种人类疾病的有前途的战略。