Nanomaterials (NMs) are particles with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm and a large surface area to volume ratio, providing them with exceptional qualities that are exploited in a variety of industrial fields. Deposition of NMs into environmental waters during or after use leads to the adsorption of an ecological (eco-) corona, whereby a layer of natural biomolecules coats the NM changing its stability, identity and ultimately toxicity. The eco-corona is not currently incorporated into ecotoxicity tests, although it has been shown to alter the interactions of NMs with organisms such as Daphnia magna (D. magna). Here, the literature on environmental biomolecule interactions with NMs is synthesized and a framework for understanding the eco-corona composition and its role in modulating NMs ecotoxicity is presented, utilizing D. magna as a model. The importance of including biomolecules as part of the current international efforts to update the standard testing protocols for NMs, is highlighted. Facilitating the formation of an eco-corona prior to NMs ecotoxicity testing will ensure that signaling pathways perturbed by the NMs are real rather than being associated with the damage arising from reactive NM surfaces "acquiring" a corona by pulling biomolecules from the organism's surface.

中文翻译：

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环境中的纳米材料获得了“生态电晕”，从而影响了它们对水蚤的毒性-呼吁更新毒性测试政策。

纳米材料（NMs）是至少一维介于1到100 nm之间且具有大的表面积体积比的颗粒，从而为它们提供了卓越的品质，可在各种工业领域中得到利用。在使用过程中或使用之后，NMs在环境水中的沉积会导致生态（生态）电晕的吸附，从而在NM上覆盖一层天然生物分子，从而改变其稳定性，特性和最终的毒性。尽管已显示出生态冠可改变NM与诸如水蚤（Daphnia magna）（D. magna）之类的生物的相互作用，但目前尚未纳入生态毒性测试。在这里，合成了有关环境生物分子与NMs相互作用的文献，并利用D提出了理解生态电晕组成及其在调节NMs生态毒性中的作用的框架。玛格纳作为模特。强调了将生物分子包括在内的重要性，这是当前国际上更新NMs标准测试方案的努力的一部分。在NMs生态毒性测试之前促进生态电晕的形成将确保NMs干扰的信号通路是真实的，而不是与通过从生物体表面拉动生物分子“获取”电晕的反应性NM表面引起的损害相关。