Patients with antibodies against neuronal surface antigens (NSAbs), including the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), typically develop autoimmune encephalitis with characteristic neurological and psychiatric symptoms.¹ In 4% of individuals with NMDAR encephalitis, isolated psychotic episodes occur without simultaneous neurological involvement.² This raises the question of whether NSAbs are underdiagnosed in patients with psychotic disorders. Results of studies testing this, however, are contradictory,^3-5 possibly because of differences in the methods of antibody detection. Previously, in a cohort of 475 patients with schizophrenia, we found no one with NMDAR antibodies after excluding 2 false-positive results by combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests and cell-based assays (CBAs) across laboratories.⁶ In this analysis, we extend these studies to other common NSAbs known to cause encephalitis, aiming to expand the clinical spectrum of psychosis potentially caused by autoantibodies.

患者的抗细胞表面抗原（NSAbs），包括抗体Ñ甲基d天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR），典型地开发具有特征的神经和精神症状自身免疫性脑炎。¹在NMDAR脑炎患者中，有4％发生孤立的精神病发作而无神经系统同时受累。²这提出了一个问题，即在患有精神病的患者中NSAb是否被诊断不足。但是，测试结果与此矛盾，^{3 -5}可能是因为抗体检测方法的差异。此前，在475名精神分裂症患者队列中，我们通过跨实验室的联合免疫组织化学（IHC）测试和基于细胞的测定（CBA）排除了2个假阳性结果，未发现任何具有NMDAR抗体的患者。⁶在此分析中，我们将这些研究扩展到其他已知会引起脑炎的NSAb，旨在扩大可能由自身抗体引起的精神病的临床范围。