Sheep health management strategies often include the use of aluminum (Al)-containing vaccines. These products were associated with the appearance of the ovine autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome), which included an array of ethological changes in the affected animals. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate cognitive and behavioral changes in sheep subjected to a protocol of repetitive inoculation with Al-containing products. Twenty-one lambs were assigned to three groups (n = 7 each): Control, Adjuvant-only, and Vaccine. Vaccine group was inoculated with commercial Al- hydroxide containing vaccines; Adjuvant-only group received the equivalent dose of Al only (Alhydrogel®), and Control group received Phosphate-buffered saline. Sixteen inoculations were administered within a 349-day period. Ethological changes were studied in late summer (7 inoculations) and mid-winter (16 inoculations). Animals in Vaccine and Adjuvant-only groups exhibited individual and social behavioral changes. Affiliative interactions were significantly reduced, and aggressive interactions and stereotypies increased significantly. They also exhibited a significant increase in excitatory behavior and compulsive eating. There were increased levels of stress biomarkers in these two groups. In general, changes were more pronounced in the Vaccine group than they were in the Adjuvant-only group. Some changes were already significant in summer, after seven inoculations only. This study is the first to describe behavioral changes in sheep after having received repetitive injections of Al-containing products, and may explain some of the clinical signs observed in ovine ASIA syndrome.

中文翻译：

---

重复接种含铝佐剂的疫苗或仅铝佐剂的绵羊的认知和行为。

绵羊健康管理策略通常包括使用含铝（Al）的疫苗。这些产品与佐剂引起的绵羊自身免疫/炎症综合症（ASIA综合症）的出现有关，其中包括患病动物的一系列行为学改变。这项初步研究的目的是研究绵羊反复接受含铝产品接种方案后的认知和行为变化。将二十一只羔羊分为三组（每组n = 7）：对照组，仅佐剂组和疫苗组。疫苗组接种了含有商业氢氧化铝的疫苗。仅佐剂组接受同等剂量的Al（Alhydrogel？），对照组接受磷酸盐缓冲盐水。在349天的时间内进行了16次接种。在夏季末（7次接种）和冬季中旬（16次接种）研究了种族学变化。疫苗和仅佐剂组中的动物表现出个体和社会行为变化。联结互动显着减少，积极的互动和刻板印象大大增加。他们还表现出兴奋行为和强迫饮食的显着增加。两组中的压力生物标志物水平都增加了。通常，与仅使用佐剂组相比，疫苗组的变化更为明显。仅经过七次接种，夏季的某些变化就已经很明显了。这项研究是第一个描述重复注射含铝产品后绵羊行为变化的方法，