The main purpose of this study was to optimize a β‐carotene‐loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (βC‐NLC) using the lipid matrix of palm stearin and palm olein and Tween 80 as a surfactant. The NLC was prepared by using the high shear homogenization method. Box–Behnken Design (BBD) response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process and formulation. A three‐factor experimental model was used to optimize the combination of palm stearin ratio (A, %w/w), lipid:surfactant ratio (B, %w/w), and (lipid+surfactant):water ratio (C, %w/w). The formulations were evaluated for their responses on particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (Y2), zeta potential (Y3), and encapsulation efficiency (Y4). Subsequently, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal (DT‐TGA), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in vitro release (Franz diffusion cell) analyses were utilized to observe the resulting optimum formulation. The optimum formulation was obtained at a combination of A (5.5:4.5), B (1:4.9), and C (24:76) %w/w. This resulted in βC‐NLC having a particle size of 166 nm, polydispersity index of 0.35, zeta potential of −26.9 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 91.2%. No strong interaction between different NLC components was observed based on FTIR, DT‐TGA, and XRD profiles. Round‐shaped NLC particles were observed under TEM. Franz diffusion cell observation resulted in diffusion profile of β‐carotene of 110.6 μg cm⁻² with a flux of 1.06 (μg cm⁻² hour⁻¹). This indicates that palm stearin and palm olein can be prospectively developed as βC‐NLC.

中文翻译：

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响应面法在棕榈硬脂精和棕榈油精混合物优化β-胡萝卜素负载纳米结构脂质载体中的应用

这项研究的主要目的是使用棕榈硬脂和棕榈油精的脂质基质以及Tween 80作为表面活性剂来优化负载β-胡萝卜素的纳米结构脂质载体（βC-NLC）。通过使用高剪切均质化方法制备NLC。运用Box–Behnken设计（BBD）响应面方法（RSM）来优化工艺和配方。使用三因素实验模型来优化棕榈硬脂精比率（A，％w / w），脂质：表面活性剂比率（B，％w / w）和（脂质+表面活性剂）：水比率（C， ％w / w）。评价制剂对颗粒尺寸（Y1），多分散指数（Y2），ζ电势（Y3）和包封效率（Y4）的响应。随后，进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），热学（DT-TGA），X射线衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），体外释放（Franz扩散池）分析用于观察所得的最佳配方。以A（5.5：4.5），B（1：4.9）和C（24:76）％w / w的组合获得最佳配方。这导致βC-NLC的粒径为166 nm，多分散指数为0.35，ζ电位为-26.9 mV，包封效率为91.2％。根据FTIR，DT-TGA和XRD图谱，未观察到不同NLC组分之间的强相互作用。透射电镜下观察到圆形的NLC颗粒。Franz扩散池观察结果显示β-胡萝卜素的扩散曲线为110.6μgcm 这导致βC-NLC的粒径为166 nm，多分散指数为0.35，ζ电位为-26.9 mV，包封效率为91.2％。根据FTIR，DT-TGA和XRD图谱，未观察到不同NLC组分之间的强相互作用。透射电镜下观察到圆形的NLC颗粒。Franz扩散池观察结果显示β-胡萝卜素的扩散曲线为110.6μgcm 这导致βC-NLC的粒径为166 nm，多分散指数为0.35，ζ电位为-26.9 mV，包封效率为91.2％。根据FTIR，DT-TGA和XRD图谱，未观察到不同NLC组分之间的强相互作用。透射电镜下观察到圆形的NLC颗粒。Franz扩散池观察结果显示β-胡萝卜素的扩散曲线为110.6μgcm^-2的通量为1.06（μgcm ^-2 小时^-1）。这表明棕榈硬脂精和棕榈油精可望发展为βC-NLC。