Abstract The Ba1-xCaxTi1-ySnyO3 (abbreviated as BCxTSy, x = 0.01, y = 0.01; x = 0.03, y = 0.015; x = 0.05, y = 0.02; and x = 0.07, y = 0.025 mol.) electroceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method and investigated their structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data for the composition x = 0.03, y = 0.015 reveals the phase co-existence of two non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic (Amm2) (7.71%) + tetragonal (P4mm) (92.29%) lattice symmetries near room temperature which is also evidenced by temperature-dependent Raman and dielectric studies. All compositions reveal the dense microstructure having relative density ~92%–96% and average grain size ~10.7–22.5 μm. The phase diagram based on dielectric study suggests that the composition x = 0.03, y = 0.015 reveals T(R–O) ~ − 60 °C, T(O-T) ~ 19 °C and TC ~ 126 °C with Pr = 11.80 μC/cm2, Ec = 3.5 kV/cm, Pmax = 21.92 μC/cm2, d33* = 505.5 pm/V, d33 = 287 pC/N and electrostrictive coefficient (Q33) = 0.036 m4/C2 properties which could be useful for developing the piezoelectric AC devices. Here, we have achieved the phase-coexistence of two non-centrosymmetric lattice symmetries near room temperature to invoke the reliable ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and discussed the results with the structure-property-composition relation.

中文翻译：

---

Ca2+和Sn4+取代BaTiO3无铅电瓷的铁电和压电性能强调相共存

摘要 合成了Ba1-xCaxTi1-ySnyO3（简称BCxTSy，x=0.01，y=0.01；x=0.03，y=0.015；x=0.05，y=0.02；x=0.07，y=0.025）电陶瓷。通过固态反应方法研究了它们的结构、介电、铁电和压电性能。成分 x = 0.03, y = 0.015 的 X 射线衍射数据的 Rietveld 细化揭示了两个非中心对称正交 (Amm2) (7.71%) + 四方 (P4mm) (92.29%) 晶格对称在房间附近的相共存温度相关的拉曼和介电研究也证明了这一点。所有成分都显示出致密的微观结构，相对密度约为 92%–96%，平均晶粒尺寸约为 10.7–22.5 μm。基于介电研究的相图表明成分 x = 0.03，y = 0。015 揭示了 T(R–O) ~ − 60 °C、T(OT) ~ 19 °C 和 TC ~ 126 °C，其中 Pr = 11.80 μC/cm2，Ec = 3.5 kV/cm，Pmax = 21.92 μC/cm2， d33* = 505.5 pm/V, d33 = 287 pC/N 和电致伸缩系数 (Q33) = 0.036 m4/C2 特性，可用于开发压电交流器件。在这里，我们实现了室温附近两个非中心对称晶格对称的相位共存，以调用可靠的铁电和压电特性，并讨论了结构-性能-组成关系的结果。