Many positive-strand RNA viruses remodel the endomembrane to form specialized replication organelles. However, knowledge regarding whether negative-strand RNA viruses take advantage of intracellular membranes for replication is limited. Here we show that a negative-strand RNA virus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), remodels the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to form inclusion bodies (IBs), whereby the phosphoprotein (P) of HPIV3 recruits phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (PI4KB) to IBs to generate PI4P, creating a PI4P-enriched microenvironment to promote HPIV3 replication. In addition, we find that human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) also takes advantage of the ER to form IBs and that these IBs are also enriched with PI4P. The nucleoprotein of HRSV recruits PI4KB to IBs. These results suggest that paramyxoviruses also exploit the host endomembrane to form IBs and that PI4KB is recruited by viral proteins to enrich IBs with PI4P to facilitate viral replication.

许多正链RNA病毒会重塑内膜，形成专门的复制细胞器。然而，关于负链RNA病毒是否利用细胞内膜进行复制的知识是有限的。在这里，我们显示负链RNA病毒，人类副流感病毒3型（HPIV3），重塑内质网（ER）膜以形成包涵体（IBs），从而HPIV3的磷蛋白（P）募集了磷脂酰肌醇4-激酶β （PI4KB）到IB生成PI4P，从而创建一个富含PI4P的微环境，以促进HPIV3复制。此外，我们发现人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）也利用ER形成了IB，并且这些IB也富含PI4P。HRSV的核蛋白将PI4KB募集到IBs。