We report on a computer-based reconstruction of a well-preserved ape skull from late Miocene deposits in Rudabánya, Hungary. Based on micro-computed tomographic scans of the original Rudapithecus hungaricus partial cranium RUD 200 and the associated mandible RUD 212 we realign displaced bone fragments, and reconstruct the shape of the upper and lower jaws guided by occlusal fingerprint analysis of dental wear patterns. We apply geometric morphometric methods based on several hundred landmarks and sliding semilandmarks to estimate missing data, and create multiple reconstructions of the specimen. We then compare the reconstructed overall cranial shape, as well as the volume and shape of the endocast, with extant primates. Multiple reconstructions of RUD 200 yield an average endocranial volume of 234 cc (S.D.: 9 cc; range: 221-247 cc). RUD 200 is most similar to African apes in overall cranial shape, but in a statistical analysis of endocranial shape the specimen falls closest to extant hylobatids. Our data suggest that R. hungaricus from the late Miocene in Europe displays aspects of the overall cranial geometry typical of extant African great apes, but it does not show an evolutionary reorganization of the brain evident in Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo.

中文翻译：

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来自匈牙利Rudabánya的中新世猿Rudapithecus hungaricus的头骨重建。

我们报道了匈牙利鲁达班亚中新世晚期沉积物保存完好的猿猴头骨的基于计算机的重建。基于原始的印度大头菜Rudapithecus hungaricus部分颅骨RUD 200和相关的下颌骨RUD 212的显微计算机断层扫描，我们重新排列了移位的骨碎片，并通过对牙齿磨损模式的咬合指纹分析进行了指导，重建了上颌和下颌的形状。我们基于数百个地标和滑动半地标应用几何形态计量学方法来估计丢失的数据，并创建标本的多次重建。然后，我们将重建的整体颅骨形状以及内在的灵长类动物的内在体积和形状进行比较。多次重建RUD 200产生的平均颅内体积为234 cc（标准差：9 cc；范围：221-247 cc）。RUD 200在整体颅骨形状上与非洲猿类最为相似，但在对颅内形状的统计分析中，该标本最接近现存的绣球虫。我们的数据表明，来自欧洲中新世晚期的R. hungaricus显示了现存非洲大猿典型的整体颅骨形态，但并未显示出在Pan，Gorilla和Pongo中明显的大脑进化重组。