Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are highly regarded as the next‐generation energy‐storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg⁻¹. Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is considered a promising sulfur cathode to substitute carbon/sulfur (C/S) composites to afford higher Coulombic efficiency, improved cycling stability, and potential high‐energy‐density Li–SPAN batteries. However, the instability of the Li‐metal anode threatens the performances of Li–SPAN batteries bringing limited lifespan and safety hazards. Li‐metal can react with most kinds of electrolyte to generate a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), electrolyte regulation is a widely accepted strategy to protect Li‐metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Herein, the basic principles and current challenges of Li–SPAN batteries are addressed. Recent advances on electrolyte regulation towards stable Li‐metal anodes in Li–SPAN batteries are summarized to suggest design strategies of solvents, lithium salts, additives, and gel electrolyte. Finally, prospects for future electrolyte design and Li anode protection in Li–SPAN batteries are discussed.

中文翻译：

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用硫化聚丙烯腈阴极对锂硫电池中稳定的锂金属阳极进行电解质调节。

锂硫（Li–S）电池因其2600 Wh kg ^-1的超高理论能量密度而被高度视为下一代储能设备。。硫化聚丙烯腈（SPAN）被认为是一种有前途的硫阴极，可以替代碳/硫（C / S）复合材料，以提供更高的库伦效率，改善的循环稳定性以及潜在的高能量密度Li-SPAN电池。但是，锂金属阳极的不稳定性威胁了锂锂电池的性能，从而限制了使用寿命和安全隐患。锂金属可与大多数电解质发生反应，生成保护性的固态电解质相（SEI），电解质调节是保护充电电池中锂金属阳极的一种广泛接受的策略。在此，讨论了Li-SPAN电池的基本原理和当前面临的挑战。总结了有关Li–SPAN电池中稳定锂金属阳极电解液调节的最新进展，以提出溶剂，锂盐，添加剂和凝胶电解质。最后，讨论了将来在Li-SPAN电池中进行电解质设计和锂阳极保护的前景。