Abstract Little is known about the effects of different fertilizers and manure use on the yield stability and sustainability of crop in a rice-wheat cropping system. Therefore, a 34-year field experiment (conducted from 1982 to 2015) was used to evaluate the effect of continuous application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure, supplied at different combinations, on the stability and sustainability of rice and wheat yields. Eight treatments consisted of unfertilized control (CK), inorganic fertilizers (N, NP, NPK) and organic manure (M) either alone or in combination (MN, MNP, MNPK). There was no significant trend of rice grain yield over time for any of the treatments. Wheat yield had an increasing tendency in all the fertilization treatments, including the unfertilized control. Organic manure in combination with chemical fertilizer supported high rice and wheat yields and sustainable yield index (SYI), with decreased coefficient of variance (CV) of rice and wheat yields. The SYI value clearly indicates that rice yield was more sustainable than wheat yield. In conclusion, the combined use of both organic manure and inorganic fertilizer can improve not only crop grain yield but also yield stability and sustainability.

中文翻译：

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基于 34 年田间试验的稻麦种植系统作物产量稳定性和可持续性

摘要 关于不同肥料和粪便使用对稻麦种植系统作物产量稳定性和可持续性的影响知之甚少。因此，一项为期 34 年的田间试验（从 1982 年至 2015 年进行）用于评估连续施用无机肥料和有机肥，以不同的组合供应，对水稻和小麦产量的稳定性和可持续性的影响。8 个处理由未施肥控制 (CK)、无机肥料 (N、NP、NPK) 和有机肥 (M) 单独或组合 (MN、MNP、MNPK) 组成。对于任何处理，随着时间的推移，水稻籽粒产量没有显着趋势。小麦产量在所有施肥处理中都有增加的趋势，包括未施肥对照。有机肥与化肥相结合，提高了水稻和小麦的产量和可持续产量指数（SYI），降低了水稻和小麦产量的变异系数（CV）。SYI 值清楚地表明水稻产量比小麦产量更可持续。综上所述，有机肥与无机肥配合使用，不仅可以提高作物粮食产量，还可以提高产量的稳定性和可持续性。