From Simple to Architecturally Complex Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cell and Tissue Engineering Applications: Opportunities Presented by Two-Photon Polymerization.,Advanced Healthcare Materials

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From Simple to Architecturally Complex Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cell and Tissue Engineering Applications: Opportunities Presented by Two-Photon Polymerization.
Advanced Healthcare Materials ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-20 , DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901217
Jiaxi Song ₁ , Christos Michas ₁ , Christopher S Chen ₁ , Alice E White _{1,

2} , Mark W Grinstaff _{1,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Direct laser writing via two-photon polymerization (2PP) is an emerging micro- and nanofabrication technique to prepare predetermined and architecturally precise hydrogel scaffolds with high resolution and spatial complexity. As such, these scaffolds are increasingly being evaluated for cell and tissue engineering applications. This article first discusses the basic principles and photoresists employed in 2PP fabrication of hydrogels, followed by an in-depth introduction of various mechanical and biological characterization techniques used to assess the fabricated structures. The design requirements for cell and tissue related applications are then described to guide the engineering, physicochemical, and biological efforts. Three case studies in bone, cancer, and cardiac tissues are presented that illustrate the need for structured materials in the next generation of clinical applications. This paper concludes by summarizing the progress to date, identifying additional opportunities for 2PP hydrogel scaffolds, and discussing future directions for 2PP research.

中文翻译：

从简单到结构复杂的水凝胶支架，用于细胞和组织工程应用：双光子聚合带来的机遇。

通过双光子聚合（2PP）进行直接激光写入是一种新兴的微细加工和纳米加工技术，用于制备具有高分辨率和空间复杂性的预定且结构精确的水凝胶支架。因此，越来越多地评估这些支架用于细胞和组织工程应用。本文首先讨论了2PP水凝胶制造中使用的基本原理和光致抗蚀剂，然后深入介绍了用于评估制造结构的各种机械和生物表征技术。然后描述了与细胞和组织相关的应用程序的设计要求，以指导工程，物理化学和生物学方面的工作。关于骨骼，癌症，并提供了心脏组织和心脏组织，这些材料说明了下一代临床应用中对结构材料的需求。本文总结了迄今为止的进展，确定了2PP水凝胶支架的其他机会，并讨论了2PP研究的未来方向。

更新日期：2020-01-08

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