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Importance of the iron-sulfur component and of the siroheme modification in the resting state of sulfite reductase.
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110928
Adrian M V Brânzanic 1 , Ulf Ryde 2 , Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu 3
Affiliation  

The active site of sulfite reductase (SiR) consists of an unusual siroheme-Fe4S4 assembly coupled via a cysteinate sulfur, and serves for multi-electron reduction reactions. Clear explanations have not been demonstrated for the reasons behind the choice of siroheme (vs. other types of heme) or for the single-atom coupling to an Fe4S4 center (as opposed to simple adjacency or to coupling via chains consisting of more than one atom). Possible explanations for these choices have previously been invoked, relating to the control of the spin state of the substrate-binding (siro)heme iron, modulation of the trans effect of the (Fe4S4-bound) cysteinate, or modulation of the redox potential. Reported here is a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the structural interplay (in terms of geometry, molecular orbitals and magnetic interactions) between the siroheme and the Fe4S4 center as well as the importance of the covalent modifications within siroheme compared to the more common heme b, aiming to verify the role of the siroheme modification and of the Fe4S4 cluster at the SiR active site, with focus on previously-formulated hypotheses (geometrical/sterics, spin state, redox and electron-transfer control). A calibration of various DFT methods/variants for the correct description of ground state spin multiplicity is performed using a set of problematic cases of bioinorganic Fe centers; out of 11 functionals tested, M06-L and B3LYP offer the best results - though none of them correctly predict the spin state for all test cases. Upon examination of the relative energies of spin states, reduction potentials, energy decomposition (electrostatic, exchange-repulsion, orbital relaxation, correlation and dispersion interactions) and Mayer bond indices in SiR models, the following main roles of the siroheme and cubane are identified: (1) the cubane cofactor decreases the reduction potential of the siroheme and stabilizes the siroheme-cysteine bond interaction, and (2) the siroheme removes the quasi-degeneracy between the intermediate and high-spin states found in ferrous systems by preserving the latter as ground state; the higher-spin preference and the increased accessibility of multiple spin states are likely to be important in selective binding of the substrate and of the subsequent reaction intermediates, and in efficient changes in redox states throughout the catalytic cycle.

中文翻译:

在亚硫酸盐还原酶的静止状态下,铁硫成分和西洛血红素修饰的重要性。

亚硫酸还原酶(SiR)的活性位点由通过半胱氨酸硫偶合的不寻常的Siroheme-Fe4S4组装体组成,用于多电子还原反应。由于选择了siroheme(相对于其他类型的血红素)背后的原因,或与Fe4S4中心的单原子偶联(与简单的邻接或通过一个以上的原子组成的链偶联),没有给出明确的解释。 )。先前已经引用了这些选择的可能解释,涉及对与底物结合的(siro)血红素铁的自旋状态的控制,对(Fe4S4键合的)半胱氨酸的反式作用的调节或氧化还原电位的调节。此处报告的是结构相互作用的密度泛函理论(DFT)研究(就几何学而言,西罗血红素和Fe4S4中心之间的分子轨道和磁性相互作用以及与更常见的血红素b相比在西罗血红素内的共价修饰的重要性,目的是验证西罗血红素修饰和Fe4S4团簇在SiR活性上的作用地点,重点关注先前制定的假设(几何/空间,自旋态,氧化还原和电子转移控制)。使用一组有问题的生物无机铁中心进行了各种DFT方法/变量的校准,以正确描述基态自旋多重性;在测试的11个功能中,M06-L和B3LYP提供了最佳结果-尽管它们都不能正确预测所有测试用例的旋转状态。在检查自旋态的相对能量,还原势,SiR模型中的能量分解(静电,交换排斥,轨道弛豫,相关性和色散相互作用)和Mayer键指数,确定了西罗血红素和古巴的以下主要作用:(1)古巴辅因子降低了西罗血红素的还原潜力并稳定了西罗血红素-半胱氨酸键的相互作用,(2)西罗血红素通过将亚铁系统中的高自旋态保留为基态而消除了中简和高自旋态之间的准简并;较高的自旋优先性和多种自旋状态的增加的可及性可能对底物和后续反应中间体的选择性结合以及整个催化循环中氧化还原状态的有效变化很重要。相关和弥散相互作用)和Mayer键指数在SiR模型中,鉴定了西罗血红素和古巴的以下主要作用:(1)古巴辅因子降低了西罗血红素的还原电位并稳定了西罗血红素-半胱氨酸键的相互作用,和(2 )西罗血红素通过将铁素体保留为基态而消除了在铁素体系统中发现的中等和高自旋态之间的准简并性;较高的自旋优先性和多种自旋状态的增加的可及性可能对底物和后续反应中间体的选择性结合以及整个催化循环中氧化还原状态的有效变化很重要。相关和弥散相互作用)和Mayer键指数在SiR模型中,鉴定了西罗血红素和古巴的以下主要作用:(1)古巴辅因子降低了西罗血红素的还原电位并稳定了西罗血红素-半胱氨酸键的相互作用,和(2 )西罗血红素通过将铁素体保留为基态而消除了在铁素体系统中发现的中等和高自旋态之间的准简并性;较高的自旋优先性和多种自旋状态的增加的可及性可能对底物和后续反应中间体的选择性结合以及整个催化循环中氧化还原状态的有效变化很重要。(1)古巴辅因子降低了Siroheme的还原电位并稳定了Siroheme-半胱氨酸键的相互作用,并且(2)Siroheme通过将亚铁血红素保留为基态 较高的自旋优先性和多种自旋状态的增加的可及性可能对底物和后续反应中间体的选择性结合以及整个催化循环中氧化还原状态的有效变化很重要。(1)古巴辅因子降低了Siroheme的还原电位并稳定了Siroheme-半胱氨酸键的相互作用,并且(2)Siroheme通过将亚铁血红素保留为基态 较高的自旋优先性和多种自旋状态的增加的可及性可能对底物和后续反应中间体的选择性结合以及整个催化循环中氧化还原状态的有效变化很重要。
更新日期:2019-11-19
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