TFIID is a large multiprotein assembly that serves as a general transcription factor for transcription initiation by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II). TFIID is involved in the recognition of the core promoter sequences and neighboring chromatin marks, and can interact with gene-specific activators and repressors. In order to obtain a better molecular and mechanistic understanding of the function of TFIID, its structure has been pursued for many years. However, the scarcity of TFIID and its highly flexible nature have made this pursuit very challenging. Recent breakthroughs, largely due to methodological advances in cryo-electron microscopy, have finally described the structure of this complex, both alone and engaged with core promoter DNA, revealing the functional significance of its conformational complexity in the process of core promoter recognition and initiation of Pol II transcription. Here, we review these recent structural insights and discuss their implications for our understanding of eukaryotic transcription initiation.

中文翻译：

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最近对 TFIID 的结构、组装及其与核心启动子的结合的见解。

TFIID 是一种大型多蛋白组装体，可作为真核 RNA 聚合酶 II (Pol II) 启动转录的通用转录因子。TFIID 参与核心启动子序列和相邻染色质标记的识别，并且可以与基因特异性激活剂和阻遏物相互作用。为了更好地了解TFIID的功能，对其结构进行了多年的研究。然而，TFIID 的稀缺性及其高度灵活的特性使得这种追求非常具有挑战性。最近的突破，主要是由于冷冻电子显微镜方法学的进步，最终描述了这种复合物的结构，无论是单独的还是与核心启动子 DNA 结合的，揭示了其构象复杂性在核心启动子识别和Pol II转录起始过程中的功能意义。在这里，我们回顾了这些最近的结构见解，并讨论了它们对我们理解真核转录起始的影响。