Membrane trafficking plays a crucial role in cell polarity by directing lipids and proteins to specific subcellular locations in the cell and sustaining a polarized state. The Golgi apparatus, the master organizer of membrane trafficking, can be subdivided into three layers that play different mechanical roles: a cytoskeletal layer, the so-called Golgi matrix, and the Golgi membranes. First, the outer regions of the Golgi apparatus interact with cytoskeletal elements, mainly actin and microtubules, which shape, position, and orient the organelle. Closer to the Golgi membranes, a matrix of long coiled-coiled proteins not only selectively captures transport intermediates but also participates in signaling events during polarization of membrane trafficking. Finally, the Golgi membranes themselves serve as active signaling platforms during cell polarity events. We review here the recent findings that link the Golgi apparatus to cell polarity, focusing on the roles of the cytoskeleton, the Golgi matrix, and the Golgi membranes.

中文翻译：

---

高尔基体和细胞极性：细胞骨架，高尔基体和高尔基体膜的作用。

膜运输通过将脂质和蛋白质引导到细胞中特定的亚细胞位置并维持极化状态，在细胞极性中起着至关重要的作用。高尔基体是膜运输的主要组织者，可细分为三层，发挥不同的机械作用：细胞骨架层，所谓的高尔基体和高尔基体膜。首先，高尔基体的外部区域与细胞骨架元件（主要是肌动蛋白和微管）相互作用，从而形成，定位和定向细胞器。靠近高尔基体膜的长卷曲螺旋蛋白基质不仅选择性地捕获转运中间体，而且在膜运输的极化过程中参与信号传递事件。最后，高尔基体膜本身在细胞极性事件期间充当了活跃的信号平台。我们在这里回顾将高尔基体与细胞极性联系起来的最新发现，重点是细胞骨架，高尔基体和高尔基体膜的作用。