OBJECTIVES The rationale for the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of flaxseed supplementation on important adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in adults. METHODS We conducted searches of published literature in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until May 2019. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effects of flaxseed supplementation on the circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were included in our analysis. Results were summarized using weighted mean differences (WMDs) by random-effects model. RESULTS Forty eligible RCTs, including 2520 participants were identified. The results of the meta-analysis revealed flaxseed supplementation reduced the concentrations of CRP (WMD = -0.387 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.653, -0.121, p = 0.004), IL-6 (WMD = -0.154 pg/Ml; 95% CI: -0.299, -0.010, p = 0.036), and VCAM-1 (WMD = -22.809 ng/ml; 95% CI: -41.498, -4.120, p = 0.017) but had no significant effect on TNF-α (WMD = -0.077 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.317, 0.163, p = 0.530), ICAM-1 (WMD = -8.610 ng/ml; 95% CI: -21.936, 4.716, p = 0.205), and E-selectin (WMD = -1.427 ng/ml; 95% CI: -4.074, 1.22, p = 0.291). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that flaxseed supplementation may improve some circulating concentrations of specific adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. However, well-designed trials are needed to confirm the range of non-significant and/or equivocal findings.

中文翻译：

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亚麻籽补充剂对炎症和内皮功能标志物的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的 本研究的基本原理是评估亚麻籽补充剂对成人重要粘附分子和炎性细胞因子的功效。方法 我们在 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库中检索了从开始到 2019 年 5 月的已发表文献。所有研究亚麻籽补充剂对循环 C 反应蛋白浓度影响的随机对照试验 (RCT)。 CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、血管细胞粘附蛋白 1 (VCAM-1)、E-选择素和细胞间粘附分子 1 (ICAM-1)在我们的分析中。结果通过随机效应模型使用加权平均差 (WMD) 进行总结。结果 确定了 40 项符合条件的 RCT，包括 2520 名参与者。荟萃分析的结果显示，亚麻籽补充剂降低了 CRP（WMD = -0.387 mg/L；95% CI：-0.653，-0.121，p = 0.004）、IL-6（WMD = -0.154 pg/Ml）的浓度; 95% CI: -0.299, -0.010, p = 0.036) 和 VCAM-1 (WMD = -22.809 ng/ml; 95% CI: -41.498, -4.120, p = 0.017) 但对 TNF 没有显着影响-α (WMD = -0.077 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.317, 0.163, p = 0.530), ICAM-1 (WMD = -8.610 ng/ml; 95% CI: -21.936, 4.716, p = 0.205) , 和 E-选择素 (WMD = -1.427 ng/ml; 95% CI: -4.074, 1.22, p = 0.291)。结论 这些发现表明，亚麻籽补充剂可能会改善某些特定粘附分子和炎性细胞因子的循环浓度。然而，需要精心设计的试验来确认不显着和/或模棱两可的发现的范围。