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Female macaques compete for ‘power’ and ‘commitment’ in their male partners
Evolution and Human Behavior ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.11.001
Christine B. Haunhorst , Ines Fürtbauer , Oliver Schülke , Julia Ostner

Abstract The formation of male-female social bonds and the resulting competition among females for male partners is a core element of human societies. While female competition for a male partner outside the mating context is well studied in humans, evidence from non-human primates is scarce, and its evolutionary roots remain to be explored. We studied two multi male – multi female groups of wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), a species where females gain benefits from selectively affiliating with particular males. Using a behavioral data set collected over several years, we tested whether females competed over access to male social partners, whether success in competition was driven by female dominance rank, and which male traits were most attractive for females. We found assortative bonding by dominance rank between females and males, which together with females initiating and maintaining contact suggests direct female competition over males. Two male traits independently predicted male attractiveness to females: (1) current dominance rank, a measure of 'power' or a male's ability to provide access to resources, and (2) prior male affiliation with immatures, a measure of a male's potential paternal proclivity or 'commitment' to infant care. Both traits have been consistently identified as drivers of female partner choice in humans. Our study adds to the evidence that female competition for valuable male partners is not unique to humans, suggesting deep evolutionary origins of women's mate choice tendencies for ‘power’ and ‘commitment’.

中文翻译:

雌性猕猴在雄性伴侣中争夺“权力”和“承诺”

摘要 男女社会纽带的形成以及由此产生的女性对男性伴侣的竞争是人类社会的核心要素。虽然在人类中对交配环境之外的男性伴侣的女性竞争进行了深入研究,但来自非人类灵长类动物的证据很少,其进化根源仍有待探索。我们研究了野生阿萨姆猕猴 (Macaca assamensis) 的两个多雄性和多雌性群体,这是一种雌性通过选择性地与特定雄性建立联系而受益的物种。使用几年收集的行为数据集,我们测试了女性是否在获得男性社交伙伴的机会方面进行竞争,竞争中的成功是否是由女性主导地位驱动的,以及哪些男性特征对女性最有吸引力。我们通过女性和男性之间的优势等级发现了分类结合,这与女性发起和保持接触表明女性直接竞争男性。两个男性特征独立预测男性对女性的吸引力:(1)当前的支配地位,衡量“权力”或男性提供资源的能力,以及(2)先前男性与未成熟的从属关系,衡量男性潜在父亲对婴儿护理的倾向或“承诺”。这两种特征一直被认为是人类选择女性伴侣的驱动因素。我们的研究进一步证明,女性对有价值的男性伴侣的竞争并不是人类独有的,这表明女性对“权力”和“承诺”的择偶倾向有着深刻的进化起源。两个男性特征独立预测男性对女性的吸引力:(1)当前的支配地位,衡量“权力”或男性提供资源的能力,以及(2)先前男性与未成熟的从属关系,衡量男性潜在父亲对婴儿护理的倾向或“承诺”。这两种特征一直被认为是人类选择女性伴侣的驱动因素。我们的研究进一步证明,女性对有价值的男性伴侣的竞争并不是人类独有的,这表明女性对“权力”和“承诺”的择偶倾向有着深刻的进化起源。两个男性特征独立预测男性对女性的吸引力:(1)当前的支配地位,衡量“权力”或男性提供资源的能力,以及(2)先前男性与未成熟的从属关系,衡量男性潜在父亲对婴儿护理的倾向或“承诺”。这两种特征一直被认为是人类选择女性伴侣的驱动因素。我们的研究进一步证明,女性对有价值的男性伴侣的竞争并不是人类独有的,这表明女性对“权力”和“承诺”的择偶倾向有着深刻的进化起源。衡量男性潜在的父亲倾向或对婴儿护理的“承诺”。这两种特征一直被认为是人类选择女性伴侣的驱动因素。我们的研究进一步证明,女性对有价值的男性伴侣的竞争并非人类独有,这表明女性对“权力”和“承诺”的择偶倾向有着深刻的进化起源。衡量男性潜在的父亲倾向或对婴儿护理的“承诺”。这两种特征一直被认为是人类选择女性伴侣的驱动因素。我们的研究进一步证明,女性对有价值的男性伴侣的竞争并不是人类独有的,这表明女性对“权力”和“承诺”的择偶倾向有着深刻的进化起源。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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