BACKGROUND Kuwaiti adults have experienced a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Dietary patterns in the Kuwaiti diet associated with the increasingly higher CVD burden have not been adequately evaluated. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the major dietary patterns in Kuwaiti adults and examine their associations with CVD risk factors. DESIGN This cross-sectional study examined data from the 2008-2009 National Nutrition Survey of the State of Kuwait. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study included 555 Kuwaiti adults aged ≥20 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures included CVD risk factors such as obesity (body mass index), abdominal obesity (waist circumference), elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia (blood lipid levels), diabetes (glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels), and metabolic syndrome. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors were analyzed using survey-weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified: vegetable-rich, fast food, and refined grains/poultry. Younger adults had higher adherence to the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns, whereas older adults had higher adherence to the vegetable-rich dietary pattern. The fast-food dietary pattern was positively associated with body mass index (β=.94, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.79), waist circumference (β=2.05, 95% CI 0.20 to 3.90 cm), and diastolic blood pressure (β=1.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.77 mm Hg). The refined grains/poultry dietary pattern was positively associated with plasma glucose levels (β=1.02, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.04 mg/dL [0.056 to 0.058 mmol/L]). Individuals in the highest tertile of the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns had higher odds of metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS The fast-food and refined grains/poultry dietary patterns were associated with high prevalence of CVD risk factors among Kuwaiti adults. The current findings underscore the need for prospective studies to further explore dietary pattern and CVD risk factor relationships among at-risk Kuwait adults.

中文翻译：

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与科威特成年人心血管疾病危险因素患病率相关的饮食模式

背景科威特成年人经历了心血管疾病（CVD）及其危险因素的迅速增加。科威特饮食中与日益增加的 CVD 负担相关的饮食模式尚未得到充分评估。目的 本研究的目的是确定科威特成年人的主要饮食模式并检查它们与 CVD 风险因素的关联。设计 本横断面研究检查了科威特 2008-2009 年全国营养调查的数据。参与者/环境 该研究包括 555 名 20 岁以上的科威特成年人，他们完成了 24 小时的饮食回忆。主要结局指标结局指标包括心血管疾病危险因素，如肥胖（体重指数）、腹部肥胖（腰围）、血压升高、血脂异常（血脂水平）、糖尿病（葡萄糖和糖化血红蛋白水平）和代谢综合征。统计分析 使用主成分分析确定饮食模式。使用调查加权多变量线性和逻辑回归模型分析饮食模式和 CVD 风险因素之间的关联。结果 确定了三种饮食模式：富含蔬菜、快餐和精制谷物/家禽。年轻人对快餐或精制谷物/家禽饮食模式的依从性更高，而老年人对富含蔬菜的饮食模式的依从性更高。快餐饮食模式与体重指数 (β=.94, 95% CI 0.08 至 1.79)、腰围 (β=2.05, 95% CI 0.20 至 3.90 cm) 和舒张压 (β= 1.62，95% CI 0.47 至 2.77 毫米汞柱）。精制谷物/家禽饮食模式与血浆葡萄糖水平呈正相关（β=1.02，95% CI 1.002 至 1.04 mg/dL [0.056 至 0.058 mmol/L]）。快餐或精制谷物/家禽饮食模式中最高三分位数的人比最低三分位数的人患代谢综合征的几率更高。结论 快餐和精制谷物/家禽饮食模式与科威特成年人中心血管疾病危险因素的高患病率有关。目前的研究结果强调了前瞻性研究的必要性，以进一步探索高危科威特成年人的饮食模式和 CVD 风险因素之间的关系。快餐或精制谷物/家禽饮食模式中最高三分位数的人比最低三分位数的人患代谢综合征的几率更高。结论 快餐和精制谷物/家禽饮食模式与科威特成年人中心血管疾病危险因素的高患病率有关。目前的研究结果强调了前瞻性研究的必要性，以进一步探索高危科威特成年人的饮食模式和 CVD 风险因素之间的关系。快餐或精制谷物/家禽饮食模式中最高三分位数的人比最低三分位数的人患代谢综合征的几率更高。结论 快餐和精制谷物/家禽饮食模式与科威特成年人中心血管疾病危险因素的高患病率有关。目前的研究结果强调了前瞻性研究的必要性，以进一步探索高危科威特成年人的饮食模式和 CVD 风险因素之间的关系。