The sense of agency (SoA) experienced in joint action is an essential subjective dimension of human cooperativeness, but we still know little about the specific factors that contribute to its emergence or alteration. In the present study, dyads of participants were instructed to coordinate their key presses to move a cursor up to a specific target (i.e., to achieve a common goal). We applied random deviations on the cursor's trajectory to manipulate the motor fluency of the joint action, while the agents' motor roles were either balanced (i.e., equivalent) or unbalanced (i.e., one agent contributed more than the other), making the agents more or less pivotal to the joint action. Then, the final outcomes were shared equally, fairly (i.e., reflecting individual motor contributions) or arbitrarily in an all-or-none fashion, between the co-agents. Self and joint SoA were measured through self-reports about feeling of control, that is, using judgment of (felt) control (JoC), and electrodermal activity was recorded during the whole motor task. We observed that self and joint JoC were reduced in the case of low motor fluency, pointing out the importance of sensorimotor cues for both I- and we-modes. Moreover, while self JoC was reduced in the low pivotality condition (i.e., low motor role), joint JoC was significantly enhanced when agents' roles and rewards were symmetrical (i.e. equal). Skin conductance responses to rewards were impacted by the way outcomes were shared between partners (i.e., fairly, equally or arbitrarily) but not by the individual gains, which demonstrates the sensitivity of low-level physiological reactions to external signs of fairness. Skin conductance level was also reduced in the fair context, where rewards were shared according to individual motor contributions, relative to the all-or-none context, which could mirror the feeling of effective responsibility and control over actions' outcomes.

中文翻译：

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代理人的关键性和报酬公平性在合作共同行动中调节代理人的意识。

联合行动中经历的代理意识（SoA）是人类合作的基本主观维度，但是我们仍然不了解促成它发生或改变的具体因素。在本研究中，指示二元组的参与者协调其按键，以将光标向上移动到特定目标（即，实现一个共同的目标）。我们在光标的轨迹上应用了随机偏差来控制关节动作的运动流畅度，而特工的运动角色要么是平衡的（即，等效），要么是不平衡的（即，一个特工比另一个特工贡献更多）或更不重要的联合行动。然后，最终结果以全有或全无的方式平等，公平地分享（即反映个人的运动贡献）或任意分享，协同代理之间。自我和关节SoA是通过关于控制感的自我报告来测量的，也就是说，使用（感觉）控制（JoC）的判断，并且在整个运动任务期间记录皮肤电活动。我们观察到，在低运动流畅度的情况下，自我和联合JoC会降低，这表明感觉运动提示对于I模式和We模式都非常重要。此外，虽然在低关键性条件下（即低运动角色）自我JoC降​​低了，但当特工的角色和报酬对称（即相等）时，联合JoC显着增强。皮肤电导对奖励的反应受伴侣之间共享结果的方式（即公平，平等或任意）的影响，但不受个人收益的影响，这表明低水平的生理反应对外部公平现象的敏感性。