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FTY720-Mitoxy reduces synucleinopathy and neuroinflammation, restores behavior and mitochondria function, and increases GDNF expression in Multiple System Atrophy mouse models.
Experimental Neurology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113120
Guadalupe Vidal-Martinez 1 , Ismael Segura-Ulate 1 , Barbara Yang 1 , Valeria Diaz-Pacheco 1 , Jose A Barragan 1 , Jocelyn De-Leon Esquivel 1 , Stephanie A Chaparro 1 , Javier Vargas-Medrano 1 , Ruth G Perez 1
Affiliation  

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal disorder with no effective treatment. MSA pathology is characterized by α-synuclein (aSyn) accumulation in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS). aSyn accumulation in oligodendrocytes forms the pathognomonic glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) of MSA. MSA aSyn pathology is also associated with motor and autonomic dysfunction, including an impaired ability to sweat. MSA patients have abnormal CNS expression of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our prior studies using the parent compound FTY720, a food and drug administration (FDA) approved immunosuppressive for multiple sclerosis, reveal that FTY720 protects parkinsonian mice by increasing BDNF. Our FTY720-derivative, FTY720-Mitoxy, is known to increase expression of oligodendrocyte BDNF, GDNF, and nerve growth factor (NGF) but does not reduce levels of circulating lymphocytes as it is not phosphorylated so cannot modulate sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors (S1PRs). To preclinically assess FTY720-Mitoxy for MSA, we used mice expressing human aSyn in oligodendrocytes under a 2,' 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter. CNP-aSyn transgenic (Tg) mice develop motor dysfunction between 7 and 9 mo, and progressive GCI pathology. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzymatic assays, we confirmed that FTY720-Mitoxy was stable and active. Vehicle or FTY720-Mitoxy (1.1 mg/kg/day) was delivered to wild type (WT) or Tg littermates from 8.5-11.5 mo by osmotic pump. We behaviorally assessed their movement by rotarod and sweat production by starch‑iodine test. Postmortem tissues were evaluated by qPCR for BDNF, GDNF, NGF and GDNF-receptor RET mRNA and for aSyn, BDNF, GDNF, and Iba1 protein by immunoblot. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were also assessed by qPCR. FTY720-Mitoxy normalized movement, sweat function and soleus muscle mass in 11.5 mo Tg MSA mice. FTY720-Mitoxy also increased levels of brain GDNF and reduced brain miR-96-5p, a miRNA that acts to decrease GDNF expression. Moreover, FTY720-Mitoxy blocked aSyn pathology measured by sequential protein extraction and immunoblot, and microglial activation assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. In the 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) toxin model of MSA, FTY720-Mitoxy protected movement and mitochondria in WT and CNP-aSyn Tg littermates. Our data confirm potent in vivo protection by FTY720-Mitoxy, supporting its further evaluation as a potential therapy for MSA and related synucleinopathies.

中文翻译:

FTY720-Mitoxy可减轻多系统萎缩小鼠模型中的突触核蛋白病和神经炎症,恢复行为和线粒体功能,并增加GDNF的表达。

多系统萎缩症(MSA)是一种致命疾病,没有有效的治疗方法。MSA病理学的特征是α-突触核蛋白(aSyn)在少突胶质细胞(中枢神经系统(CNS)的髓质胶质细胞)中积累。aSyn在少突胶质细胞中的积累形成了MSA的病原性胶质细胞质包涵体(GCI)。MSA aSyn病理还与运动和自主神经功能障碍有关,包括出汗能力受损。MSA患者的神经胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的CNS表达异常。我们先前使用的母体化合物FTY720(食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于多发性硬化症的免疫抑制剂)进行的研究表明,FTY720通过增加BDNF来保护帕金森氏症小鼠。我们的FTY720衍生物,FTY720-Mitoxy,已知增加少突胶质细胞BDNF,GDNF和神经生长因子(NGF)的表达,但不会降低循环淋巴细胞的水平,因为它没有被磷酸化,因此无法调节鞘氨醇1磷酸受体(S1PRs)。为了临床前评估FTY720-Mitoxy的MSA,我们使用了在2''3'-环核苷酸3'-磷酸二酯酶(CNP)启动子下在少突胶质细胞中表达人aSyn的小鼠。CNP-aSyn转基因(Tg)小鼠会在7到9个月之间发展运动功能障碍,并发展为GCI病理。使用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS / MS)和酶促测定,我们确认FTY720-Mitoxy是稳定和活跃的。通过渗透泵将媒介物或FTY720-三甲氧基(1.1mg / kg /天)从8.5-11.5mo递送至野生型(WT)或Tg同窝仔。我们通过淀粉碘试验通过轮转仪和汗液产生行为评估了它们的运动。通过qPCR评估死后组织的BDNF,GDNF,NGF和GDNF受体RET mRNA,并通过免疫印迹评估aSyn,BDNF,GDNF和Iba1蛋白。还通过qPCR评估了MicroRNA(miRNA)。FTY720-Mitoxy使11.5 mo Tg MSA小鼠的运动,汗液功能和比目鱼肌质量正常化。FTY720-Mitoxy还增加了大脑GDNF的水平,并减少了大脑miR-96-5p(一种可降低GDNF表达的miRNA)。此外,FTY720-Mitoxy阻断了通过顺序蛋白质提取和免疫印迹测定的aSyn病理,并通过免疫组织化学和免疫印迹评估了小胶质细胞的活化。在MSA的3-硝基丙酸(3NP)毒素模型中,FTY720-Mitoxy保护了WT和CNP-aSyn Tg同窝仔的运动和线粒体。
更新日期:2019-11-18
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