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Association of Premature Natural and Surgical Menopause With Incident Cardiovascular Disease
JAMA ( IF 63.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-24 , DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.19191
Michael C Honigberg 1, 2, 3, 4 , Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat 3, 4, 5 , Krishna Aragam 1, 2, 3, 4 , Phoebe Finneran 1, 4 , Derek Klarin 3, 6 , Deepak L Bhatt 7 , James L Januzzi 1, 2 , Nandita S Scott 1, 2 , Pradeep Natarajan 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Importance Recent guidelines endorse using history of menopause before age 40 years to refine atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessments among middle-aged women. Robust data on cardiovascular disease risk in this population are lacking. Objective To examine the development of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors in women with natural and surgical menopause before age 40 years. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort study (UK Biobank), with adult residents of the United Kingdom recruited between 2006 and 2010. Of women who were 40 to 69 years old and postmenopausal at study enrollment, 144 260 were eligible for inclusion. Follow-up occurred through August 2016. Exposures Natural premature menopause (menopause before age 40 without oophorectomy) and surgical premature menopause (bilateral oophorectomy before age 40). Postmenopausal women without premature menopause served as the reference group. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of incident coronary artery disease, heart failure, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, and venous thromboembolism. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, incident hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Results Of 144 260 postmenopausal women included (mean [SD] age at enrollment, 59.9 [5.4] years), 4904 (3.4%) had natural premature menopause and 644 (0.4%) had surgical premature menopause. Participants were followed up for a median of 7 years (interquartile range, 6.3-7.7). The primary outcome occurred in 5415 women (3.9%) with no premature menopause (incidence, 5.70/1000 woman-years), 292 women (6.0%) with natural premature menopause (incidence, 8.78/1000 woman-years) (difference vs no premature menopause, +3.08/1000 woman-years [95% CI, 2.06-4.10]; P < .001), and 49 women (7.6%) with surgical premature menopause (incidence, 11.27/1000 woman-years) (difference vs no premature menopause, +5.57/1000 woman-years [95% CI, 2.41-8.73]; P < .001). For the primary outcome, natural and surgical premature menopause were associated with hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.19-1.56; P < .001) and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.36-2.58; P < .001), respectively, after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors and use of menopausal hormone therapy. Conclusions and Relevance Natural and surgical premature menopause (before age 40 years) were associated with a small but statistically significant increased risk for a composite of cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.

中文翻译:

过早自然和手术绝经与突发心血管疾病的关联

重要性 最近的指南支持使用 40 岁之前的绝经史来完善中年女性的动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病风险评估。缺乏关于该人群心血管疾病风险的可靠数据。目的 探讨 40 岁前自然绝经和手术绝经女性心血管疾病的发展和心血管危险因素。设计、设置和参与者队列研究 (UK Biobank),在 2006 年至 2010 年期间招募了英国的成年居民。在研究登记时年龄在 40 至 69 岁且绝经后的女性中,有 144 260 人符合纳入条件。随访至 2016 年 8 月。 暴露 自然过早绝经(40 岁前未进行卵巢切除术的绝经)和手术过早绝经(40 岁前双侧卵巢切除术)。没有过早绝经的绝经后妇女作为参照组。主要结果和措施 主要结果是新发冠状动脉疾病、心力衰竭、主动脉瓣狭窄、二尖瓣关闭不全、心房颤动、缺血性卒中、外周动脉疾病和静脉血栓栓塞的复合。次要结局包括主要结局的各个组成部分、高血压、高脂血症和 2 型糖尿病。结果 在纳入的 144 260 名绝经后妇女中(入组时的平均 [SD] 年龄为 59.9 [5.4] 岁),4904 名(3.4%)有自然过早绝经,644 名(0.4%)有手术过早绝经。参与者的中位随访时间为 7 年(四分位距,6.3-7.7)。主要结果发生在 5415 名女性 (3.9%) 中,没有过早绝经(发生率,5.70/1000 女性年),292 名女性 (6.0%) 自然过早绝经(发生率,8.78/1000 女性年)(与没有过早绝经的差异,+3.08/1000 女性年 [95% CI,2.06-4.10];P < .001), 49 名女性 (7.6%) 有手术过早绝经(发生率,11.27/1000 女性年)(与没有过早绝经的差异,+5.57/1000 女性年 [95% CI,2.41-8.73];P < .001) . 对于主要结果,自然绝经和手术过早绝经的风险比分别为 1.36(95% CI,1.19-1.56;P < .001)和 1.87(95% CI,1.36-2.58;P < .001)在调整常规心血管疾病危险因素和使用更年期激素治疗后。结论和相关性 自然和手术过早绝经(40 岁之前)与绝经后妇女心血管疾病复合风险的增加有关,但具有统计学意义。需要进一步研究以了解这些关联背后的机制。
更新日期:2019-12-24
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