Abstract Hair waste is one of the solid substances rejected by the leather industry. This waste finds its way into the surroundings causing serious environmental pollution. This hair waste may be utilized for effective extraction of keratin, thereby generating value-added products with numerous applications. Thus we focusing on utilizing red sheep’s hair waste for extracting keratin by the application of different chemical treatments such as sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, mercaptoethanol, cysteine, sodium metabisulfite with urea (SMB), and SMB with SDS (SMBS). CD spectrum and FTIR results of the keratin samples indicated a predominance of the helical conformation along with β sheets. SDS-PAGE confirmed the molecular weight of the keratin samples to be in the range of 40–60 kDa. DSC and TGA analysis exhibited the extracted keratin to have a higher denaturation temperature (>200 °C) and thermal stability. The keratin samples obtained using varied chemical treatments were compared in terms of yield, protein content, and cost-effectiveness, and the sample obtained using SMBS was preferred for in vitro studies. It is indicated that keratin extracted using SMBS effectively involved for fibroblast cell growth. Thus, we suggest that these keratin could produce biomaterials that can serve as a valuable material for biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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用于从红羊毛中提取角蛋白的化学处理的比较分析以及该角蛋白在组织工程应用中的细胞活力评估

摘要 毛发废料是皮革行业拒绝使用的固体物质之一。这些废物进入周围环境，造成严重的环境污染。这种头发废料可用于有效提取角蛋白，从而产生具有多种应用的增值产品。因此，我们专注于通过应用不同的化学处理方法，如氢氧化钠、硫化钠、巯基乙醇、半胱氨酸、焦亚硫酸钠加尿素 (SMB) 和 SMB 加 SDS (SMBS)，利用红羊毛废料提取角蛋白。角蛋白样品的 CD 光谱和 FTIR 结果表明螺旋构象与 β 折叠占优势。SDS-PAGE 证实角蛋白样品的分子量在 40-60 kDa 的范围内。DSC 和 TGA 分析表明提取的角蛋白具有更高的变性温度 (>200 °C) 和热稳定性。使用不同化学处理获得的角蛋白样品在产量、蛋白质含量和成本效益方面进行了比较，使用 SMBS 获得的样品是体外研究的首选。表明使用 SMBS 提取的角蛋白有效地参与了成纤维细胞的生长。因此，我们建议这些角蛋白可以生产生物材料，作为生物医学应用的宝贵材料。表明使用 SMBS 提取的角蛋白有效地参与了成纤维细胞的生长。因此，我们建议这些角蛋白可以生产生物材料，作为生物医学应用的宝贵材料。表明使用 SMBS 提取的角蛋白有效地参与了成纤维细胞的生长。因此，我们建议这些角蛋白可以生产生物材料，作为生物医学应用的宝贵材料。