Ditch‐buried straw return (DB‐SR) is a novel soil tillage and fertility building practice that is effective in regulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and hydrothermal processes in rice–wheat rotation systems. However, the effects of DB‐SR on soil bacterial community are still largely unclear. We deciphered soil bacterial community with high‐throughput sequencing under various returning approaches, burial depths, and straw amounts after 6.5 years of DB‐SR application. Our results showed that DB‐SR structured distinctive soil bacterial community with rotary tillage straw return (RT‐SR; one‐way analysis of similarities [ANOSIM]: P .05). These variations were mainly caused by water content‐driven changes in soil organic carbon. Also, bacterial community composition was distinctive among burial depth treatment (one‐way ANOSIM: P .05), but bacterial community composition was more dissimilar with increasing straw amount (one‐way ANOSIM: P < .01). Our results suggest that long‐term DB‐SR can maintain the bacterial community structure in the surface soil layers when compared with conventional RT‐SR, but taking the current production level into consideration, the burial depth should not be greater than 20 cm for incorporating the full amounts of straws.

中文翻译：

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稻麦轮作系统长期沟埋秸秆还田对土壤细菌群落的直接和间接影响

沟埋秸秆还田（DB-SR）是一种新型的土壤耕作和肥力建设实践，可有效调节稻麦轮作系统中的土壤碳氮动态和水热过程。然而，DB-SR 对土壤细菌群落的影响仍不清楚。在 DB-SR 应用 6.5 年后，我们在各种返回方法、埋藏深度和秸秆数量下通过高通量测序破译了土壤细菌群落。我们的结果表明，DB-SR 构建了具有旋耕秸秆还田功能的独特土壤细菌群落（RT-SR；相似性的单向分析 [ANOSIM]：P = .05）。这些变化主要是由含水量驱动的土壤有机碳变化引起的。此外，埋藏深度处理中的细菌群落组成是独特的（单向 ANOSIM：P .05），但细菌群落组成随着秸秆数量的增加而更加不同（单向 ANOSIM：P < .01）。我们的研究结果表明，与常规 RT-SR 相比，长期 DB-SR 可以保持表层土壤细菌群落结构，但考虑到目前的生产水平，埋藏深度不应大于 20 cm。全量的吸管。