A modern challenge of polymer physics: Novel ways to study, interpret, and reconstruct chromatin structure,Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science

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A modern challenge of polymer physics: Novel ways to study, interpret, and reconstruct chromatin structure
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science ( IF 16.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-16 , DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1454
Luca Fiorillo ₁ , Simona Bianco ₁ , Andrea Esposito ₁ , Mattia Conte ₁ , Renato Sciarretta ₁ , Francesco Musella ₁ , Andrea M. Chiariello ₁

Affiliation

The constant development of sophisticated technologies is allowing to dissect three‐dimensional chromatin structure at high resolution level. The tremendous amount of quantitative experimental data available today requires a conceptual framework able to make sense of them. In this perspective, polymer physics offers a key tool to interpret chromatin architecture data and to unveil the basic mechanisms shaping its structure. In the very last years, several polymer models have been proposed and have allowed to capture complex features emerging from the data. The major peculiarity distinguishing the different models is represented by the more or less complicated physical mechanism used to explain chromatin folding. Here, we review very popular models which have been recently developed and which represent brilliant examples from this interdisciplinary research field. In order to highlight the wide range of practical applications they have, we discuss the cases of the murine Pitx1 and the human EPHA4 loci, showing that polymer physics allows to effectively study chromatin structure in different cell lines and to predict the impact of pathogenic structural variants on the genome three‐dimensional architecture.

中文翻译：

高分子物理学的现代挑战：研究，解释和重建染色质结构的新方法

尖端技术的不断发展使得可以高分辨率解析三维染色质结构。当今可用的大量定量实验数据需要能够理解它们的概念框架。从这个角度来看，高分子物理学提供了一个关键工具来解释染色质结构数据并揭示影响其结构的基本机制。在最近几年中，已经提出了几种聚合物模型，这些模型可以捕获数据中出现的复杂特征。区别不同模型的主要特点是用或多或少复杂的物理机制来解释染色质折叠。这里，我们回顾了最近开发的非常流行的模型，这些模型代表了该跨学科研究领域的出色范例。为了突出它们所具有的广泛的实际应用，我们讨论了鼠的情况Pitx1和人类EPHA4基因座表明，聚合物物理学可以有效研究不同细胞系中的染色质结构，并预测致病性结构变异对基因组三维结构的影响。

更新日期：2019-11-16

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