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Rapid adaptation of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans to changing temperature
Evolutionary Applications ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-03 , DOI: 10.1111/eva.12899
E‐Jiao Wu,Yan‐Ping Wang,Lurwanu Yahuza,Meng‐Han He,Dan‐Li Sun,Yan‐Mei Huang,Yu‐Chan Liu,Li‐Na Yang,Wen Zhu,Jiasui Zhan

Temperature plays a multidimensional role in host–pathogen interactions. As an important element of climate change, elevated world temperature resulting from global warming presents new challenges to sustainable disease management. Knowledge of pathogen adaptation to global warming is needed to predict future disease epidemiology and formulate mitigating strategies. In this study, 21 Phytophthora infestans isolates originating from seven thermal environments were acclimated for 200 days under stepwise increase or decrease of experimental temperatures and evolutionary responses of the isolates to the thermal changes were evaluated. We found temperature acclimation significantly increased the fitness and genetic adaptation of P. infestans isolates at both low and high temperatures. Low‐temperature acclimation enforced the countergradient adaptation of the pathogen to its past selection and enhanced the positive association between the pathogen's intrinsic growth rate and aggressiveness. At high temperatures, we found that pathogen growth collapsed near the maximum temperature for growth, suggesting a thermal niche boundary may exist in the evolutionary adaptation of P. infestans. These results indicate that pathogens can quickly adapt to temperature shifts in global warming. If this is associated with environmental conditions favoring pathogen spread, it will threaten future food security and human health and require the establishment of mitigating actions.

中文翻译:

爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒病原体致病疫霉对温度变化的快速适应

温度在宿主与病原体的相互作用中发挥着多维作用。作为气候变化的一个重要因素,全球变暖导致的世界气温升高给可持续疾病管理带来了新的挑战。需要了解病原体适应全球变暖的知识来预测未来的疾病流行病学并制定缓解策略。在这项研究中,来自7种热环境的21株致病疫霉分离株在逐步升高或降低实验温度的条件下适应了200天,并评估了分离株对热变化的进化响应。我们发现温度驯化显着提高了致病疫霉分离株在低温和高温下的适应性和遗传适应性。低温驯化迫使病原体对其过去的选择进行逆梯度适应,并增强了病原体的内在生长速率和攻击性之间的正相关性。在高温下,我们发现病原体生长在接近生长最高温度时崩溃,表明致病疫霉的进化适应中可能存在热生态位边界。这些结果表明病原体可以快速适应全球变暖中的温度变化。如果这与有利于病原体传播的环境条件有关,它将威胁未来的粮食安全和人类健康,需要采取缓解行动。
更新日期:2019-12-03
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