Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate variabilities in the levels of urine cotinine and hydroxycotinine by age, gender, race/ethnicity and smoking status among US residents.

Materials and methods: Data from NHANES (N = 3135) were analysed by fitting regression models with log10-transformed values of urine cotinine and hydroxycotinine as dependent variables. Separate models were fitted for children aged 6–11 years, adolescents aged 12–19 years, and adults aged ≥20 years. Models were stratified by smoking status. Those self-reporting using combustible and/or smokeless tobacco products during the last 5 days were classified as being smokers.

Results: No gender differences were observed. Among non-smokers, non-Hispanic blacks had the highest levels of cotinine and hydroxycotinine and Hispanics had the lowest levels of cotinine and hydroxycotinine. Among smokers, non-Hispanic whites had the highest levels of cotinine and hydroxycotinine. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and other indoor environments was associated with as much as 500% higher levels of cotinine and hydroxycotinine.

Conclusions: In addition to currently available data on cotinine in serum and NNAL in urine, availability of data on cotinine and hydroxycotinine in urine provides another tool to monitor the smoking health of the US population.

目的：本研究的目的是评估美国居民中按年龄，性别，种族/族裔和吸烟状况划分的尿可替宁和羟可卡因水平的差异。

材料和方法： NHANES（N  = 3135）的数据通过拟合回归模型进行分析，其中尿可替宁和羟可宁的对数值经过log10转换后的值作为因变量。为6-11岁的儿童，12-19岁的青少年和20岁以上的成年人安装了单独的模型。根据吸烟状况对模型进行分层。在过去5天内使用可燃和/或无烟烟草产品进行自我报告的人被归类为吸烟者。

结果：未观察到性别差异。在非吸烟者中，非西班牙裔黑人的可替宁和羟烟碱含量最高，而西班牙裔的可替宁和羟烟碱含量最低。在吸烟者中，非西班牙裔白人的可替宁和羟烟碱含量最高。在家中和其他室内环境中暴露于环境烟草烟雾中，可替宁和羟烟碱的含量高出500％。

结论：除了目前可获得的有关血清中可替宁和尿液中NNAL的数据外，可获得的尿液中可替宁和羟可卡因的数据还提供了另一种监测美国人群吸烟健康的工具。