Ferroptosis is recognized as a new form of regulated cell death which is initiated by severe lipid peroxidation relying on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and iron overload. This iron-dependent cell death manifests evident morphological, biochemical and genetic differences from other forms of regulated cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis and pyroptosis. Ferroptosis was primarily characterized by condensed mitochondrial membrane densities and smaller volume than normal mitochondria, as well as the diminished or vanished of mitochondria crista and outer membrane ruptured. Mitochondria take the center role in iron metabolism, as well as substance and energy metabolism as it's the major organelle in iron utilization, catabolic and anabolic pathways. Interference of key regulators of mitochondrial lipid metabolism (e.g., ASCF2 and CS), iron homeostasis (e.g., ferritin, mitoferrin1/2 and NEET proteins), glutamine metabolism and other signaling pathways make a difference to ferroptotic sensitivity. Targeted induction of ferroptosis was also considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to some oxidative stress diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, traumatic spinal cord injury. However, the pertinence between mitochondria and ferroptosis is still in dispute. Here we systematic elucidate the morphological characteristics and metabolic regulation of mitochondria in the regulation of ferroptosis.

中文翻译：

---

线粒体在线粒体肥大症中的调节。

Ferroptosis被认为是受调节的细胞死亡的一种新形式，它是由依赖于活性氧（ROS）生成和铁超载的严重脂质过氧化作用引发的。这种铁依赖性细胞死亡表现出与其他形式的受调节细胞死亡（例如凋亡，自噬，坏死和发烧）明显的形态，生化和遗传差异。Ferroptosis的主要特征是线粒体膜密度高，体积比正常线粒体小，线粒体crista减少或消失，外膜破裂。线粒体在铁代谢，物质和能量代谢中起着中心作用，因为它是铁利用，分解代谢和合成代谢途径中的主要细胞器。干扰线粒体脂质代谢的关键调控因子（例如，ASCF2和CS），铁稳态（例如铁蛋白，mitoferrin1 / 2和NEET蛋白），谷氨酰胺代谢和其他信号通路对铁肥力敏感性有所不同。有针对性地诱导肥大症也被认为是某些氧化应激疾病的潜在治疗策略，包括神经退行性疾病，局部缺血-再灌注损伤，脊髓外伤。然而，线粒体与铁锈病之间的相关性仍存在争议。在这里，我们系统阐明线粒体的形态特征和线粒体在代谢的调控中的调控作用。有针对性地诱导肥大症也被认为是某些氧化应激疾病的潜在治疗策略，包括神经退行性疾病，局部缺血-再灌注损伤，脊髓外伤。然而，线粒体与铁锈病之间的相关性仍存在争议。在这里，我们系统地阐明线粒体的形态特征和代谢调控在肥大症的调控中的作用。有针对性地诱导肥大症也被认为是某些氧化应激疾病的潜在治疗策略，包括神经退行性疾病，局部缺血-再灌注损伤，脊髓外伤。然而，线粒体与铁锈病之间的相关性仍存在争议。在这里，我们系统阐明线粒体的形态特征和线粒体在代谢的调控中的调控作用。