Successful embryo implantation is a complex and highly regulated process involving precise synchronization between the fetal-derived trophoblast cells and maternal uterine luminal epithelium. Multiple endocrine-driven factors are important for controlling the timely receptivity of the uterus, and this complexity underscores implantation failure as a major cause of recurrent infertility associated with assisted reproductive technologies. One particular cellular structure often hypothesized to promote receptivity is the pinopode or uterodome - a hormonally regulated, large cellular protrusion on the uterine epithelial surface. Recent clinical studies associate pinopodes with favorable fertility outcomes in women, and because they are directly linked to an increase in progesterone levels, the potential utility of these hormone-regulated cell biological structures in predicting or improving implantation in a clinical setting holds promise. In this review, we aim to generate interest in pinopodes from the broader cell biology and endocrinology communities, re-examine methodologies in pinopode research, and identify priorities for future investigation of pinopode structure and function in women's reproductive health.

中文翻译：

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品极：最新进展，当前观点和未来方向。

成功的胚胎植入是一个复杂且受高度管制的过程，涉及胎儿来源的滋养层细胞与母体子宫腔上皮之间的精确同步。多种内分泌驱动因素对于控制子宫的及时接受性很重要，这种复杂性强调了植入失败是与辅助生殖技术相关的不孕症复发的主要原因。人们通常认为一种特定的细胞结构可促进接受性，即pinopode或子宫小节-子宫上皮表面上受激素调节的大细胞突起。最近的临床研究表明，pinopodes与妇女良好的生育能力相关联，并且由于它们与孕激素水平的提高直接相关，这些激素调节的细胞生物学结构在预测或改善临床环境中的植入方面的潜在应用前景广阔。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是引起来自更广泛的细胞生物学和内分泌学界的pinode的兴趣，重新审查pinode的研究方法，并确定将来研究pinode的结构和妇女生殖健康功能的重点。