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Immune induction of airway remodeling.
Seminars in Immunology ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101346
Giuseppe Guida 1 , Anna Maria Riccio 2
Affiliation  

Airway remodeling is accepted to be a determining component within the natural history of asthma. It is a phenomenon characterized by changes in the airways structures that marches in parallel with and can be influenced by airway inflammation, floating at the interface between both natural and adaptive immunity and physical and mechanical cells behavior. In this review we aimed to highlight the comprehensive, yet not exhaustive, evidences of how immune cells induce, regulate and adapt to the recognized markers of airway remodeling.

Mucous cell hyperplasia, epithelial dysfunction and mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and restructuration, fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, airway smooth muscle proliferation, bioactive and contractile properties, and vascular remodeling encompass complex physiopathological mechanisms that can be induced, suppressed or regulated by different cellular and molecular pathways. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules expressed or derived either from the immune network of cells infiltrating the asthmatic airways and involving T helper lymphocytes, immune lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells or by the structural components such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, myocytes, airway smooth muscle cells concur with protein cellular matrix component and metalloproteases in modifying the airway structure in a detrimental way. The consequences in lung function decline, fixed airway obstruction and clinical severity of the disease suggest the possibility of identify among the immune molecular pathway of remodeling some biological parameters or signal pathway to be either a good tracer for monitoring the disease evolution or a target for hypothetical phenotypes and endotypes. In the era of personalized medicine, a biomarker of remodeling might predict a response to small-molecule inhibitors or biologicals potentially targeting a fundamental aspect of asthma pathogenesis that impacts on the low responsiveness to airway inflammation directed treatments.



中文翻译:

免疫诱导气道重塑。

气道重塑被认为是哮喘自然史中的决定性因素。这种现象的特征是气道结构的变化与气道炎症平行并受其影响,漂浮在自然免疫和适应性免疫与物理和机械细胞行为之间的界面上。在这篇综述中,我们旨在强调免疫细胞如何诱导,调节和适应气道重塑的公认标志物的全面而非详尽的证据。

粘液细胞增生,上皮功能障碍和间充质转化,细胞外基质蛋白合成和重组,成纤维细胞向成肌纤维细胞转化,气道平滑肌增生,生物活性和收缩特性以及血管重塑包括可以由不同细胞诱导,抑制或调节的复杂生理病理机制。和分子途径。生长因子,细胞因子,趋化因子和粘附分子表达或衍生自浸润哮喘气道的细胞的免疫网络,并涉及T辅助淋巴细胞,免疫淋巴样细胞,树突状细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜中性粒细胞,肥大细胞或由结构成分(例如上皮细胞)表达或衍生细胞,成纤维细胞,肌细胞,气道平滑肌细胞与蛋白质细胞基质成分和金属蛋白酶同时存在,以有害的方式改变气道结构。肺功能下降,固定气道阻塞和疾病临床严重性的后果表明,有可能在免疫分子途径中重塑某些生物学参数或信号途径,以作为监测疾病进展的良好示踪剂或作为假设目标的靶点表型和内型。在个性化医学时代,重塑的生物标志物可能会预测对小分子抑制剂或生物制剂的反应,这可能针对哮喘发病机制的一个基本方面,从而影响对气道炎症定向治疗的低反应性。肺功能下降,固定气道阻塞和疾病临床严重性的后果表明,有可能在免疫分子途径中重塑某些生物学参数或信号途径,以作为监测疾病进展的良好示踪剂或作为假设目标的靶点表型和内型。在个性化医学时代,重塑的生物标志物可能会预测对小分子抑制剂或生物制剂的反应,这可能针对哮喘发病机制的一个基本方面,从而影响对气道炎症定向治疗的低反应性。肺功能下降,固定气道阻塞和疾病临床严重性的后果表明,有可能在免疫分子途径中重塑某些生物学参数或信号途径,以作为监测疾病进展的良好示踪剂或作为假设目标的靶点表型和内型。在个性化医学时代,重塑的生物标志物可能会预测对小分子抑制剂或生物制剂的反应,这可能针对哮喘发病机制的一个基本方面,从而影响对气道炎症定向治疗的低反应性。固定的气道阻塞和疾病的临床严重性提示,有可能在免疫分子途径中重塑某些生物学参数或信号途径,以作为监测疾病进展的良好示踪剂或假设表型和内型的靶标。在个性化医学时代,重塑的生物标志物可能会预测对小分子抑制剂或生物制剂的反应,这可能针对哮喘发病机制的一个基本方面,从而影响对气道炎症定向治疗的低反应性。固定的气道阻塞和疾病的临床严重性提示,有可能在免疫分子途径中重塑某些生物学参数或信号途径,以作为监测疾病进展的良好示踪剂或假设表型和内型的靶标。在个性化医学时代,重塑的生物标志物可能会预测对小分子抑制剂或生物制剂的反应,这可能针对哮喘发病机制的一个基本方面,从而影响对气道炎症定向治疗的低反应性。

更新日期:2019-11-14
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