Since the beginning of the 21st century, electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a cost‐efficient supplement to existing catch monitoring programmes in fisheries. An EM system consists of various activity sensors and cameras positioned on vessels to remotely record fishing activity and catches. The first objective of this review was to describe the state of play of EM in fisheries worldwide and to present the insights gained on this technology based on 100 EM trials and 12 fully implemented programmes. Despite its advantages, and its global use for monitoring, progresses in implementation in some important fishing regions are slow. Within this context, the second objective was to discuss more specifically the European experiences gained through 16 trials. Findings show that the three major benefits of EM were as follows: (a) cost‐efficiency, (b) the potential to provide more representative coverage of the fleet than any observer programme and (c) the enhanced registration of fishing activity and location. Electronic monitoring can incentivize better compliance and discard reduction, but the fishing managers and industry are often reluctant to its uptake. Improved understanding of the fisher's concerns, for example intrusion of privacy, liability and costs, and better exploration of EM benefits, for example increased traceability, sustainability claims and market access, may enhance implementation on a larger scale. In conclusion, EM as a monitoring tool embodies various solid strengths that are not diminished by its weaknesses. Electronic monitoring has the opportunity to be a powerful tool in the future monitoring of fisheries, particularly when integrated within existing monitoring programmes.

中文翻译：

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渔业电子监测：全球经验教训和未来机遇

自 21 世纪初以来，电子监测 (EM) 已成为渔业现有捕捞监测计划的具有成本效益的补充。EM 系统由安装在船上的各种活动传感器和摄像头组成，用于远程记录捕鱼活动和渔获量。本次审查的第一个目标是描述 EM 在全球渔业中的发展状况，并根据 100 次 EM 试验和 12 个完全实施的计划展示在该技术上获得的见解。尽管它具有优势，并在全球范围内用于监测，但在一些重要渔区的实施进展缓慢。在此背景下，第二个目标是更具体地讨论通过 16 次试验获得的欧洲经验。调查结果表明，EM 的三个主要好处如下：(a) 成本效益，(b) 提供比任何观察员计划更具代表性的船队覆盖面的潜力，以及 (c) 加强对捕鱼活动和地点的登记。电子监控可以激励更好的合规性和减少丢弃物，但渔业管理者和行业往往不愿意采用它。更好地了解渔民的担忧，例如侵犯隐私、责任和成本，以及更好地探索新兴市场的好处，例如增加可追溯性、可持续性声明和市场准入，可能会在更大范围内加强实施。总而言之，EM 作为一种监控工具体现了各种强大的优势，这些优势并没有被其弱点所削弱。电子监测有机会成为未来渔业监测的有力工具，