In this study, bright green-luminescent probe (His-GQDs) were synthesized using a new one-pot “bottom-up” pyrolysis green-synthesis route, without consuming any water and chemical reagent. Citric acid as carbon source and Histidine as amino-functionalized agent, with optimized ratios, were used for fabricating His-GQDs as a novel, label-free, and selective probe. His-GQDs can be then used for cellular imaging of human ACHN cell lines that are composed of graphene sheets with the average size of 2.0 nm. Obtained His-GQDs probe has ultra-small size, low toxicity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, anti-photo bleaching and excellent optical properties with a rather high quantum yield of 62.8%. The detailed structural studies were confirmed by FT-IR, HR-TEM and powdered X-ray diffraction analysis respectively. In this project, the His-GQDs were utilized for cellular imaging of human ACHN cell lines for the first time. This probe indicated the presence desired biocompatibility of His-GQDs in human ACHN cell lines even at high their concentration (1800 µg mL⁻¹) at 24 h post-treatment and their distribution in ACHN cell lines cytoplasm.

在这项研究中，使用新的一锅“自下而上”热解绿色合成路线合成了亮绿色发光探针（His-GQD），而无需消耗任何水和化学试剂。以最佳比例使用柠檬酸作为碳源，组氨酸作为氨基官能化试剂，可用于制备His-GQD，这是一种新型，无标记的选择性探针。然后，可以将His-GQD用于人ACHN细胞系的细胞成像，该细胞由平均大小为2.0 nm的石墨烯片组成。获得的His-GQDs探针具有超小尺寸，低毒性，化学稳定性，生物相容性，抗光漂白性和出色的光学性能，量子产率高达62.8％。分别通过FT-IR，HR-TEM和粉末X射线衍射分析证实了详细的结构研究。在这个项目中 His-GQD首次用于人类ACHN细胞系的细胞成像。该探针表明，即使在高浓度（1800 µg mL）的条件下，人类ACHN细胞中His-GQDs仍具有所需的生物相容性^-1）在治疗后24小时及其在ACHN细胞系细胞质中的分布。