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Active probing of the mechanical properties of biological and synthetic vesicles.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129486 Melissa C Piontek 1 , Rafael B Lira 1 , Wouter H Roos 1
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129486 Melissa C Piontek 1 , Rafael B Lira 1 , Wouter H Roos 1
Affiliation
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BACKGROUND
The interest in mechanics of synthetic and biological vesicles has been continuously growing during the last decades. Liposomes serve as model systems for investigating fundamental membrane processes and properties. More recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated mechanically as well. EVs are widely studied in fundamental and applied sciences, but their material properties remained elusive until recently. Elucidating the mechanical properties of vesicles is essential to unveil the mechanisms behind a variety of biological processes, e.g. budding, vesiculation and cellular uptake mechanisms.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
The importance of mechanobiology for studies of vesicles and membranes is discussed, as well as the different available techniques to probe their mechanical properties. In particular, the mechanics of vesicles and membranes as obtained by nanoindentation, micropipette aspiration, optical tweezers, electrodeformation and electroporation experiments is addressed.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
EVs and liposomes possess an astonishing rich, diverse behavior. To better understand their properties, and for optimization of their applications in nanotechnology, an improved understanding of their mechanical properties is needed. Depending on the size of the vesicles and the specific scientific question, different techniques can be chosen for their mechanical characterization.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE
Understanding the mechanical properties of vesicles is necessary to gain deeper insight in the fundamental biological mechanisms involved in vesicle generation and cellular uptake. This furthermore facilitates technological applications such as using vesicles as targeted drug delivery vehicles. Liposome studies provide insight into fundamental membrane processes and properties, whereas the role and functioning of EVs in biology and medicine are increasingly elucidated.
中文翻译：
主动探测生物和合成囊泡的机械性能。
背景技术在过去的几十年中，对合成和生物囊泡的力学的兴趣一直在不断增长。脂质体用作研究基本膜过程和特性的模型系统。最近，还已经机械地研究了细胞外囊泡（EV）。电动汽车在基础科学和应用科学中得到了广泛的研究，但是直到最近，它们的材料特性仍然难以捉摸。阐明囊泡的机械特性对于揭示各种生物学过程背后的机制至关重要，例如出芽，囊泡形成和细胞摄取机制。综述的范围讨论了力学生物学在囊泡和膜研究中的重要性，以及探讨其力学性能的各种可用技术。特别是，通过纳米压痕，微量移液管吸取，镊子，电形成和电穿孔实验获得的囊泡和膜的力学。主要结论电动汽车和脂质体具有令人惊讶的丰富多样的行为。为了更好地了解它们的性能，并优化它们在纳米技术中的应用，需要对它们的机械性能有更好的了解。根据囊泡的大小和具体的科学问题，可以选择不同的技术进行机械表征。一般意义了解囊泡的机械性质对于深入了解囊泡生成和细胞摄取所涉及的基本生物学机制是必不可少的。此外，这还促进了技术应用，例如将囊泡用作靶向药物递送载体。脂质体研究提供了对基本膜过程和特性的见解，而电动汽车在生物学和医学中的作用和功能则日益被阐明。
更新日期：2020-04-20
中文翻译：
主动探测生物和合成囊泡的机械性能。
背景技术在过去的几十年中，对合成和生物囊泡的力学的兴趣一直在不断增长。脂质体用作研究基本膜过程和特性的模型系统。最近，还已经机械地研究了细胞外囊泡（EV）。电动汽车在基础科学和应用科学中得到了广泛的研究，但是直到最近，它们的材料特性仍然难以捉摸。阐明囊泡的机械特性对于揭示各种生物学过程背后的机制至关重要，例如出芽，囊泡形成和细胞摄取机制。综述的范围讨论了力学生物学在囊泡和膜研究中的重要性，以及探讨其力学性能的各种可用技术。特别是，通过纳米压痕，微量移液管吸取，镊子，电形成和电穿孔实验获得的囊泡和膜的力学。主要结论电动汽车和脂质体具有令人惊讶的丰富多样的行为。为了更好地了解它们的性能，并优化它们在纳米技术中的应用，需要对它们的机械性能有更好的了解。根据囊泡的大小和具体的科学问题，可以选择不同的技术进行机械表征。一般意义了解囊泡的机械性质对于深入了解囊泡生成和细胞摄取所涉及的基本生物学机制是必不可少的。此外，这还促进了技术应用，例如将囊泡用作靶向药物递送载体。脂质体研究提供了对基本膜过程和特性的见解，而电动汽车在生物学和医学中的作用和功能则日益被阐明。
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