Ocean microbial communities strongly influence the biogeochemistry, food webs, and climate of our planet. Despite recent advances in understanding their taxonomic and genomic compositions, little is known about how their transcriptomes vary globally. Here, we present a dataset of 187 metatranscriptomes and 370 metagenomes from 126 globally distributed sampling stations and establish a resource of 47 million genes to study community-level transcriptomes across depth layers from pole-to-pole. We examine gene expression changes and community turnover as the underlying mechanisms shaping community transcriptomes along these axes of environmental variation and show how their individual contributions differ for multiple biogeochemically relevant processes. Furthermore, we find the relative contribution of gene expression changes to be significantly lower in polar than in non-polar waters and hypothesize that in polar regions, alterations in community activity in response to ocean warming will be driven more strongly by changes in organismal composition than by gene regulatory mechanisms. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

中文翻译：

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基因表达的变化和社区的转变以不同的方式塑造了全球海洋的转录组。

海洋微生物群落强烈影响着我们星球的生物地球化学，食物网和气候。尽管最近在了解它们的分类学和基因组组成方面取得了进展，但对其转录组在全球范围内如何变化知之甚少。在这里，我们介绍了来自126个全球分布的采样站的187个转录组和370个基因组的数据集，并建立了一个4,700万个基因的资源，用于研究极点间跨深度层的社区级转录组。我们检查基因表达的变化和社区周转率，作为沿着环境变化的这些轴塑造社区转录组的潜在机制，并展示了它们在多种生物地球化学相关过程中的个体贡献是如何不同的。此外，我们发现在极性地区，基因表达变化的相对贡献显着低于非极性水域，并假设在极性地区，响应于海洋变暖的群落活动的变化将更受生物组成的改变而不是基因的驱动。监管机制。视频摘要。